Predict Hb's affinity for oxygen at different conditions in the blood (in the lungs, in the tissues, pH changes, low & high oxygen levels, 2,3-BPG, fetal Hb)?
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Predict Hb's affinity for oxygen at different conditions in the blood (in the lungs, in the tissues, pH changes, low & high oxygen levels, 2,3-BPG, fetal Hb)?
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- (a) The partial pressure of CO2 in the lungs can be varied rapidly by the rate and depth of breathing. For example, a common remedy to alleviate hiccups is to increase the concentration of CO2 in the lungs. This can be achieved by holding one’s breath, by very slow and shallow breathing (hypoventilation), or by breathing in and out of a paper bag.Under such conditions, pCO2 in the air space of the lungs rises above normal. Qualitatively explain the effect of these procedures on the blood pH.(b) A common practice of competitive short-distance runners is to breathe rapidly and deeply (hyperventilate) for about half a minute to remove CO2from their lungs just before the race begins. Blood pH may rise to 7.60. Explain why the blood pH increases.(c) During a short-distance run, the muscles produce a large amount of lactic acid (CH2CH(OH)COOH; K2 = 1.38 × 10 –4 M) from their glucose stores. Why might hyperventilation before a dash be useful?Fetal hemoglobin binds 2,3 BPG with greater affinity than adult hemoglobin.TrueFalseWhat molecules play a role in asthma condition
- Which conditions would curve A most likely resemble? A. An individual with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease B. Increased H+ content C, Low temperatures D. An individual during moderate exercise E. CO2 poisoningTrue or false? Human lungs hold some air even after forced exhalation.Which of the following conditions DOES NOT cause a “right shift” in the oxygen dissociation curve? A) A decrease in pH (increase in [H +]). B) An increase in [2,3-Di-Phosphoglycerate] (2-3, DPG concentration). C) An increase in body temperature. D) A decrease in oxygen concentration. E) An increase in CO2 concentration
- An adult takes about 12 breaths per minute, inhaling roughly 500 mL of air with each breath. The molar compositions of the inspired and expired gases are as follows: Species Inspired Gas (%) Expired Gas (%)O2 20.6 15.1CO2 0.0 3.7N2 77.4 75.0H2O 2.0 6.2The inspired gas is at 24°C and 1 atm, and the expired gas is at body temperature and pressure (37°C and 1 atm). Nitrogen is not transported into or out of the blood in the lungs. All nitrogen inhaled is exhaled. 1. Calculate the masses of O2, CO2, and H2O transferred from the pulmonary gases to the blood or vice versa (specify which) per minute. 2. Calculate the volume of air exhaled per milliliter inhaled. 3. At what rate (g/min) is this individual losing weight by merely breathing?Free radicals are very stable, which is why they accumulate in our body to cause aging? A. True B. FalseWhich of these statements about carbonic anhydrase is incorrect? Question 17Answer a. It catalyzes the formation of oxyhemoglobin from oxygen and reduced hemoglobin. b. It is found in the red blood cells. c. It accelerates the reaction of carbon dioxide and water. d. It catalyzes the formation of carbonic acid from carbon dioxide and water.
- Question 22 Which of the following is a symptom of asthma? Question 22 options: Shortness of breath Wheezing heard on auscultation Increased work of breathing Tachypnea and decreased O2 satsThe presence of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG) shifts the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve right, why would you expect to find more DPG in the blood of a pregnant womanGive typed full explanation not a single word hand written otherwise leave it If a patient with a normal pH and temperature has a PaO2 of 60 mm Hg, his arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) is closest to which of the following values? A. 75% B. 90% C. 95% D. 99%