Problem 3 Write a program called p3.py. Write a function called validate() that takes a string as input, validates that it is a single letter, and returns the letter in lowercase. Example: validate ("A") returns a validate ("abc") returns invalid Hint: Remember tutorial 3 problem 2.
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- 2. Caesar Cipher Create a function that takes two arguments (text, key) and returns a new encrypted text using the key. For example, if the input is "a" and the key is 1, it should move that letter 1 step in alphabetic order so the output would be "b". Examples: caesar_cipher("hello", 5) "mjqqt" caesar_cipher("hello world", 1)"ifmmp xpsme" caesar_cipher("a", 2)→ "c" Notes: The input is only letters and spaces; no special characters. What is Caesar cipher? Method in which each letter in the plaintext is replaced by a letter some fixed number of positions down the alphabet. The method is named after Julius Caesar, who used it in his private correspondence. Try it out yourself: https://cryptii.com/pipes/caesar-cipher = Python String Methods: https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_ref_string.aspIn python, wihtout using (replace, find, index) insert_substrings_into_string(s, substrs): This function takes a string s and a string substrs. The substrs string will contain 0 or more comma-separated substrings. The string s will contain text with 0 or more special placeholder character sequences. These placeholder character sequences will always begin with the percent character %, followed by one or more digits. The function will create a new string from the original string s where all the placeholder character sequences in s are replaced by the substrings in the string substrs. The placeholder %0 should be replaced by the first substring in substrs (i.e., everything before the first comma, if such a comma exists). The placeholder %1 should be replaced by the second substring in substrs (i.e., everything between the first and second comma, if such a comma exists), and so on. The new string should then be returned. Note: If a placeholder sequence refers to an invalid index (e.g., %10…1. Write a python function to count the number occurrences all vowels present in a string 2. Write a python function to find common characters presents in two words 3. Write a python function to check the given string is palindrome or not 4. Write a python function to read an IP address from stdin (input from user via keyboard) and check whether it is valid or not. LinkedList Excercise: 1- create a function named insert_after( key, data ), it will search for a key and when found insert the data after Ex: linkedlist A->B->C insert_after(B, W) A->B->W->C 2- create a function named insert_before( key, data ), it will search for a key and when found insert the data before Ex: linkedlist A->B->C insert_before (B, W) A->W->B->C 3- create a function named delete_after it will search for a key and when found it will delete the data after EX: A->B->C delete (B) A->C
- Q3:IN SML language how would I write a string to integer function that inputs a filename and returns zero if the contents inside the file is blank.DataFile.txt contains the information of poker cards. 1. C: clubs (lowest), D: diamonds, H: hearts, S: spades (highest) 2. 2 (lowest), 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, J, Q, K, A 3. No Joker cards 4. Any C cards are lower than any D cards. DataFile Content (You can write the file specification into your program.) : H4,C8,HJ,C9,D10,D5,DK,D2,S7,DJ,H3,H6,S10,HK,DQ,C2,CJ,C4,CQ,D8,C3,SA,S2,HQ,S8, C6,D9,S3,SQ,C5,S4,H5,SJ,D3,H8,CK,S6,D7,S9,H2,CA,C7,H7,DA,D4,H9,D6,HA,H10,S5,C10 H4, D5, HK, D2 H4, HK, SK C9,C10 1. Create a list by dynamic allocated array and set the size to 20 2. Read the first 20 cards in the first line of the file, the put them one by one into the list by implementing and using putItem(). The list must be kept sorted in ascending order. Then print out all the cards in the list in one line separating by commas. 3. Then delete the cards indicated in the second line of the file by using deleteItem() Then print out all the cards in the list in one line separating by commas. 4. Then put…Jupyter Notebook Fixed Income - Certicificate of Deposit (CD) - Compound Interest Schedule An interest-at-maturity CD earns interest at a compounding frequency, and pays principal plus all earned interest at maturity. Write a function, called CompoundInterestSchedule, that creates and returns a pandas DataFrame, where each row has: time (in years, an integer starting at 1), starting balance, interest earned, and ending balance, for an investment earning compoundedinterest. Use a for(or while) loop to create this table. The equation for theith year's ending balance is given by: Ei =Bi (1+r/f)f where: Ei is year i's ending balance Bi is year i's beginning balance (note: B1 is the amount of the initial investment (principal) r is the annual rate of interest (in decimal, e.g., 5% is .05) f is the number of times the interest rate compounds (times per year) The interest earned for a given year is Ei - Bi Note the term of the investment (in years) is not in the above equation; it is used…
- #include <string> // for string processing#include <iostream> // Access input output stream: cin coutusing namespace std; // Access cout, endl, cin without using std:: as prefix// 8 global variables and 7 prototypes of functionsstring pw; // global pw for the password to be checkedbool r1, r2, r3, r4, r5, r6, r7; // global 7 boolean flags for violationsvoid s1(); void s2(); void s3(); void s4(); void s5();void s6(); void s7(); // 7 prototypes of functions to be defined after main() int main() // like a driver to call those 7 functions to check a password {// begin of main // must return integer to the callercout << "Welcome to the PASSWORD game designed by Joel!" << endl;cout << "Please enter a password:" << endl;getline(cin, pw); // pw may have blanks anywhere, so must use getline( )cout << "Your password \"" << pw << "\" " ;while (pw != "quit") // the password is not “quit”{ //begin of while loops1(); s2(); s3(); s4();s5(); s6();…C++:HexDump: Hello i need help with this task: I need a working code. Write a program that gives the user the name of a binary or text file and a desired one Queries the number of bytes and then outputs this number of bytes from the file.->The content of ten bytes in each line should first be output in hexadecimal and then decoded according to the ASCII table. For the ASCII string, make sure that the control characters in the file do not interfere with the formatting of the output. In the examples below, for example, a Tabulator as '¬' (\ xaa) and a line break as '╗' (\ xbb).-> The program should differentiate between binary and text files based on the file extension .txt.-> Functionality and required formatting can be seen in the two following examples. tabeltennis.dta TSV Auerbach @ V TV Buerstadt X : SV Crumstadt II l $ $ TSV Ernsthofen D S TSV Hoechst II [ 0 TTC Langen-Brombach < ^ SV Moerlenbach II 5 Z DJK/Scc Pfungstadt O N …Python Help... Implement function distribution() that takes as input the name of a file (as a string). This one-line file will contain letter grades separated by blanks. Your function should print the distribution of grades, as shown. Hints: Use the print format() module to print results (1 student got ) ( grades student got) and remember to save the function and the text file in the same directory. def distribution(filename): ‘Put in docstring’ # get file content infile = ________________# ______________ content = ______________# ______________ infile__________________# ______________ # split content into a list of grades grades = _______________________# ______________ # for every grade, print the number of times it occurs if any for grade in ______________________________ # _______________ num = ___________________# _______________ if _______________# _______________ if __________# _______________ print_________________# _______________ else:…
- Write a function count_character(filename, character) that takes in a filename and a character, both as strings, and returns the total number of times the given character occurs in the file. Examples: Contents of hello.txt:HelloHELLOHelloHELLO count_character('hello.txt', 'L') returns 4count_character('hello.txt', 'H') returns 4count_character('hello.txt', 'e') returns 2 Requirements: Please use Python Programming only Show screenshot of your work.Write a write_scores function that opens the file, and writes scores and names from lst_scores and lst_names into the file. An example function call is below. Make sure to handle a file error. Assume good input in both lists. Function name: write_scoresParameters: lst_scores, a list of ints; lst_names, a list of strings; file_name, a string Purpose: Writes the names and scores to the file name, with one name and one corresponding score per line.Example function call: (attached) After this code runs, the file final_grades.txt should read: Ayesha 96 Paolo 99 Ahmed 93 Anna 94Problem 2 (Cipher module)• Create a Python file named cipher_module.py with functions to encode and decodestring inputs using the basic Caesar cipher (see here for more informationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesar_cipher). This cipher is a basic encryptiontechnique that supports encoding and decoding operations on strings.• The encoding operation replaces each character in a string with another charactersome fixed number (shift) of positions down the ASCII table. The string can beencoded using any characters on the ASCII table and no need to use the circular list(where ‘Z’ is followed by ‘A’) image shown below. Your module must have a functionnamed encode() that takes a string and an integer shift (can be positive or negative)as parameters and returns the encoded string using the shift value. This module must Page 3 of 4also have a second function name decode() that takes an encoded string and aninteger shift as parameters and returns the decoded string. The decoding…
