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Q: Determine whether the following statemnts are true or false:
a) If the firm increases the volume of used resources by 30%, and the volume of production thus increases by 20%, then there is a positive effect of the production scale.
b) Average fixed costs decrease as production increases.
c) The economic profit usually exceeds the accounting profit.
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- Q: Determine whether the following statemnts are true or false: a) The economic costs of a firm are payments to resource owners, sufficient to divert these resources from alternative consumption possibilities. b) Economic profit is an implicit cost. c) The larger the volume of production in the firm, the lower the total fixed costs.A rough rule of thumb for the chemical industry is that OMR 1 of annual sales required OMR 2 of fixed capital investment. In a chemical processing plant where this rule applies, the total capital investment is OMR 3200000 and the working capital is 18% of the total capital investment. The annual net total product cost amounts to 1500000 OMR. If the income tax rates on gross earnings total 21%, determine the following: (a) Percent of total capital investment returned annually as gross earning. (b) Percent of total capital investment returned annually as net profit.MK Corp estimates that its demand function is as follows: Q = 400 - 12:5P + 25A + 14Y+ 10P* where Q is the quantity demanded per month, P is the product’s price (in Rs.), A is the firm’s advertising expenditure (in Rs.’000 per month), Y is per capita disposable income (in Rs’000), and P* is the price of AJ Corp. a. During the next five years, per capita disposable income is expected to increase by Rs. 5,000 and AJ is expected to increase its price by Rs 12. What effect will this have on the firm’s sales volume? b. If MK wants to change its price by enough to offset the above effects, by how much must it do so? c. Compare the profitability of maintaining sales volume by either changing price or changing advertising spending. d. If MK’s current price is $60 and it spends $10,000 per month on advertising, while per capita income is $25,000 and AJ’s price is $70, calculate the price elasticity of demand with the price change. e. What can be said about the effect of the above price change…
- Prominent Sdn Bhd produces furniture at several factories. Its Seberang Prai factoryproduces office chairs. Management aims to increase production in the coming year to 800units per month. Therefore, management is exploring two production strategies for thecoming year. The first strategy is to continue operations with the existing machine, MachineA, and the second strategy is to rent a new machine, Machine B, to produce the office chairs.The monthly rental of Machine B is RM14,000. Machine B takes half an hour to produce oneoffice chair. However, it requires a more skilled labour force with an hourly rate of RM30 perhour.Comparatively, continuing to use Machine A means that costs will remain the same. MachineA is 5 years old and is operating below capacity. The hourly labour rate is RM20 and thematerials required for each unit is RM30. Each office chair is assembled within an hour. Eachunit of the finished office chair is sold for RM120.The fixed monthly running costs of thefactory is…Cobb-Douglas production function Q = Lβ1Fβ2Bβ3 Where L = labour input in worker hours F = fuel input in gallons B = capital input in number of buses Q = output measured in millions of bus miles Suppose that the parameters (α, β1, β2 and β3) of this model were estimate using annual data for the past 25 years. The following results were obtained: β1 = 0.45, β2 = 0.20 and β3 = 0.30 Suppose that capital input (number of buses) is decreased by 3 percent next year (which, certain older buses are taken out of service). Assuming that the other inputs are held constant, determine the approximate percentage change in output. What type of returns to scale appears to characterize the transportation system (ignore the issue of statistical significance)? Discuss some of the methodological and measurement problems one might encounter in using time-series data to estimate the parameters of this model.Q5) A firm is planning to manufacture a new product. The sales department estimates that the quantity that can be sold depends on the selling price. As the selling price is increased, the quantity that can be sold decreases. Numerically they estimate: P = $35.00 - 0.02Q where P =selling price per unit Q = quantity sold per year On the other hand, the management estimates that the average cost of manufacturing and selling the product will decrease as the quantity sold increases. They estimate C = $4.00Q + $8000 where C = cost to produce and sell Q per year The firm's management wishes to produce and sell the product at the rate that will maximize profit, that is, where income minus cost will be a maximum. What quantity should the decision makers plan to produce and sell each year?
- 38. Assuming a $7 per unit tax is imposed for the sole purpose of funding a specific government program to provide free economics education to all citizens, the true total cost of this program will be $______. a) 10 b) 12 c) 14 d) 16 e) 19 f) 28 g) 36 h) 48 i) 66 j) 70 k) 84assume the health production function is h = 365-1 /H where h is the number of healthy days a person has in each year and H is the persons health capital. Assume this person earns $100 a day and the marginal cost of health investment is pi = 25 and remains constant overtime. The annual interest rate is 5% and health capital depreciates at a rate of 15% per annum. Suppose the person acquire a chronic disease and his health depreciation rate rises to 35% annually what is the new optimum level of health this person should demand now having the chronic disease? suppose instead of having a chronic disease the person experiences a recession and his wage falls to $50 a day. Assume the change in the price of time inputs changes the cost of a unit of health investment by 10%. What is the value of the persons optimal health demand now?Burlington Motor Carriers, a trucking company, is considering the installation of a two-way mobile satellite messaging service on its 2,000 trucks. From tests done last year on 120 trucks, the company found that satellite messaging could cut 60% of its $5 million bill for long-distance communications with truck drivers. More importantly, the drivers who used this system reduced the number of "deadhead" miles-those driven without paying loads-by 0.5%. Applying that improvement to all 230 million miles covered by the Burlington fleet each year would produce an extra $1.25 million in savings. Equipping all 2,000 trucks with the satellite hookup will require an investment of $8 million and the construction of a message-relaying system costing $2 million. The equipment and onboard devices will have a service life of eight years and negligible salvage value; they will be depreciated under the five-year MACRS class. Burlington's marginal tax rate is about 38%, and its required minimum…
- Many states are now imposing severance taxes on resources being extracted within their borders. How is an increasing marginal extraction cost (over time) of depeletable resource by the imposition of severance taxes compared to the case without taxes? A. Marginal extraction cost increases due to the imposition of severance taxes B. Marginal extraction cost decreases due to the imposition of severance taxes C. Marginal extraction cost with severance taxes stays the same as the case without taxesCompare and contrast the difference between dynamic (intertemporal) efficiency and static efficiency with respect to non-renewable resources. a. What are the efficiency conditions for each? Explain your answer. b. What costs reflected in the inter-temporal analysis are not captured in the static analysis? Explain your answer. c. How does the discount rate factor into each analysis? d. What impact does the discount rate have on the allocation of non-renewable resources across time and long run price path of non-renewable resources? e. Discuss the ethical issues associated with economists use and choice of a discount rate when analyzing natural resource and environmental problems.Suppose the Marginal Benefit and Marginal Cost for crude oil at any given period is: MB = 159 - 2.1Q and MC=36 + 0.9Q Where price is measured in dollars and quantity is measured in barrels. The total oil reserve is 50 tons. What is the Optimal barrels of oil that should be extracted in the current period (suppose we don’t need to be concerned with any future periods)?