profit is calculated based on Because better decisions about costs, it allows firm owners to make economic; total; entering and exiting a market accounting; total; increasing or decreasing output economic; implicit opportunity; increasing or decreasing output ) accounting; implicit opportunity; entering and exiting a market
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- The efficiency factor Select one: O ameans resources are used in the least costly way (productive efficiency O b. Means an achieving productive efficlency cmeans resources are used to produce the mix of products most wanted by society dA and A|| of the aboveDo you think that the benefits we get from gold—its uses in jewelry, dentistry, electronics, and otheruses—are worth the real cost of gold (Core CaseStudy)? If so, explain your reasoning. If not, explainyour argument for cutting back on or putting a stopto the mining of gold.In the use of the resources, it is important to any the concept of opportunity cost . Define oportunity cost in economic terms
- A firm produces two different kinds, A and B, of a commodity. The daily cost of producingx units of A and y units of B isC(x, y) = 2x2 − 4xy + 4y2 − 40x − 20y + 514Suppose that the firm sells all its output at a price per unit of $24 for A and $12 for B. Findthe daily production levels x and y that maximize profit. (Be sure to show your first andsecond order conditions.)1. In order to maximize profit a producer will always produce at a point where the Marginal Benefit is greater than the Marginal Cost (MB>MC). True or False? Why? 2. The Opportunity Cost (OC) of production shall be also be included in optimal production decision even if these are not ‘out of pocket’ costs of production. True or False? Why? 3. When OC are included in production decisions it is always the case that optimal level of production will be lower compared with a situation where OC are not included. True or False? Why?Set all variables to their baseline values.9) At what level of output is average cost a minimum?10) What is average cost (AC) at that output?11) What is marginal cost (MC) at that output? BASELINE COSTS TC (BASE) $175,113 AC (BASE) $43.78 MC (BASE) $64.12 NEW COSTS TC (NEW) $175,113 AC (NEW) $43.78 MC (NEW) $64.12 POLICY VARIABLES Output 4,000 Fixed cost 25,000 Tax per unit $0.00 AC(NEW)-MC(NEW) -$20.34
- Would the opportunity cost be a benefit to UPS shipping or a benefit to UPS international shipping for this example? “To begin, I began selling prints of my pictures in 2019 throughout 2020. It's now closed. USPS and UPS were the options I had during this period to ship out orders. Smaller or lighter packages were more expensive to ship with UPS, but USPS provided a low-cost alternative. UPS ships more than 220 internationally, whereas; USPS is strict about shipping to specific international destinations. I have chosen USPS over UPS; by doing this, orders were delivered on time and without damage by the United States Postal Service.”Maximize profit 4D + 3WWith constraintsTime 3D + 2W ≤ 150Cost 2D + 4W ≤ 220D, W ≥ 0 We saw the best point was (20, 45) with profit 215. Use this problem and the notes to answer the following (except part 4):1 write true or false and then explain either response to this – the range of optimality on the D variable refers to how much the value 20 in the best point can go down or go up and this point is still the best,2 write true or false and the explain either response to this – the range of feasibility of the time constraint refers to the value 150 and how much if can change and the best point is still (20, 45),3 write true or false and explain either response to this – the shadow price of .125 on the cost constraint means that if the right hand side of the constraint (the 220) is anywhere between 100 and 300 then each 1 unit increase in this RHS (say from 100 to 101) will increase profit by 12.5 cents and any 1 unit decrease in this RHS will decrease profit 12.5 cents,4 write true or…Please awnser following questions and tell me which multiple choices are correct only please thank you 16 "Creative destruction" is the name given to: Select one or more: a. The process of destroying technology as in the case of the Luddites. b. The process by which new technologies are introduced to replace older, less profitable technologies. c. Increasing competition in a market as the number of firms increases. d. The process of preserving old technologies to protect disappearing ways of life. 17 A profit-maximising firm considers its marginal revenue (MR) and marginal cost (MC) functions. Which of the statements below is correct? Select one or more: a. If MR > MC, increase output to raise profits. b. If MC > MR, increase output to raise profits. c. If MC = MR, raise output to increase profits. d. If MC < MR, lower output to raise profits.
- Every year the residents of a historical town gatherto determine how much to spend on their park,10 percent or 15 percent of the budget. If everyonevotes for the same percentage, they will spend thatamount, unless the year before everyone voted forthe opposite percentage, in which case they spend theaverage of the two. What characteristic of the idealvoting system is violated in this example?If a higher level of production allows workers tospecialize in particular tasks, a firm will likelyexhibit _________ of scale and _________ averagetotal cost.a. economies; fallingb. economies; risingc. diseconomies; fallingd. diseconomies; risingTable: Spring Water Quantity(Cases) Price TotalRevenue MarginalRevenue MarginalCost AverageTotalCost Total Cost 0 $16 $0 $25 $15 $10 1 $15 $15 35.00 $35 $13 $6 2 $14 $28 20.50 $41 $11 $4 3 $13 $39 15.00 $45 $9 $2 4 $12 $48 11.75 $47 $7 $3 5 $11 $55 10.00 $50 $5 $3 6 $10 $60 8.83 $53 $3 $5 7 $9 $63 8.29 $58 $1 $9 8 $8 $64 8.38 $67 Reference: Ref 15-12 Table: Spring Water Table: Spring Water. The table shows the demand and cost data for a firm in a monopolistically competitive industry producing drinking water from underground springs. The profit-maximizing output is _____ cases. Select one: a. 7 b. 5 c. 6 d. 8