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- Write a program to simulate the behavior of the CSMA/CD protocol over Ethernet when ther are N stations ready to transmit while a frame is being transmitted. Your program should report the times when each station successfully starts sending its frame. Assume that a clock tick occurs every slot time (51.2 microsec) and a collison detection and sending of a jamming sequence takes one slot time. All frames are the maximum length allowed.Computer A uses the Go-back-N ARQ protocol to send a 110 Mbytes file to computer B with a window size of 15. Given each frame carries 100K bytes data. How long does it take to send the whole file (the total time taken from A sending the first bit of the file until A receiving the last acknowledgment)? Given that the transmission rate of the link is 500 Mbps and the propagation time between A and B is 15ms. Assume no data or control frame is lost or damaged and ignore the overhead due to header and trailer.Consider a full-duplex 256 Kbps satellite link with a 240 millisecond end-to-end delay. The data frames carry a useful payload of size 12,000 bits. Assume that both ACK and data frames have 320 bits of header information, and that ACK frames carry no data. What is the effective data throughput When using sliding windows with a sender window size of W = 5 data frames?
- Write a program to simulate the behaviour of the CSMA/CD protocol over Ethernet when there are N stations ready to transmit while a frame is being transmitted your program should report the times when euch station successfully starts sending its frame. Assume that a clock tick occurs once every slot time (57.2 usec) and a collision detection and sending of a jamming sequence. takes one slot time. All frames are the maximum length allowedThe network referenced is shown in the picture below: Assume the network uses packet switching and 2 Kilobyte packets. Assume both L1 and L2 each have a propagation delay of 0.1 seconds. We are sending a 100 Kilobyte file. If L1 has infinite bandwidth, and L2 has a bandwidth of 1 Megabit (125 Kilobytes) per second, how long does it take to send the entire file? After the entire file is sent, a single acknowledgment is needed to say the file arrived, how long does the entire process take now (you can assume the ack has negligible size)? If a maximum of 10 packets can be sent per an RTT (this is the equivalent of a fixed window size of 10 packets), how long does it take to send the entire file? What if we start with a congestion window of 1 packet in slow start phase and no slow start threshold, How long to send the entire file now (Hint: This is similar to the previous question but with a variable window rather than fixed)? What if we start in congestion avoidance (linear growth)?Suppose that a 20-Mbps 802.11 LAN is transmitting 64-byte frames back-to-back over a radio channel with a bit error rate of 10−7 (i.e., the probability of a bit to flip duringthe transmission). How many frames per second will be damaged on average?(*hint: you would need to calculate the probability that a frame does not suffer any bit errors, thisis equivalent to the fraction of frames that do not suffer any bit errors on average.)
- Consider the window size is 10, bandwidth is 1500 bps, transmission delay is 2 ms atpropagation delay is 50 ms. What is the throughput using Go Back N protocol? a) 294.11 b) 140.23 c) 96 d) 154.21Consider a short, 10-meter link, over which a sender can transmit at a rate of 150 bits/sec in both directions. Suppose that packets containing data are 100,000 bits long, and packets containing only control (e.g., ACK or handshaking) are 200 bits long. Assume that N parallel connections each get 1/N of the link bandwidth. Now consider the HTTP protocol, and suppose that each downloaded object is 100 Kbits long, and that the initial downloaded object contains 10 referenced objects from the same sender. Would parallel downloads via parallel instances of non-persistent HTTP make sense in this case? Now consider persistent HTTP. Do you expect significant gains over the non-persistent case? Justify and explain your answerConsider sending real-time data from Host A to Host B over a packet-switched network. Host A takes an 8-bit measurement every millisecond, and Host A collects these into 64-byte packets. There is one link between Hosts A and B; its transmission rate is 5 Mbps, its propagation delay is 2 × 108 meters/sec, and its length is 3 km. As soon as Host A gathers a packet, it sends the packet to Host B. How much time elapses from the time that Host A begins to take the first measurement in a packet until the entire packet reaches Host B?
- suppose two hosts, A and B, are separated by 20,000 kilometers and are connected by a direct link of R = 2 Mbps. Suppose the propagation speed over the link is 2.5 x 108 meters/sec. 1. Calculate the bandwidth-delay product, R x dprop. 2. Consider sending a file of 800, 000 bits from Host A to Host B. Suppose the file is sent continuously as one large message. What is the maximum number of bits that will be in the link at any given time? 3. Provide an interpretation of the bandwidth-delay product?a) In a bus CSMA/CD network with a data rate of 10 Mbps, a collision occurs 20 µs after the first bit of the frame leaves the sending station. What should the length of the frame be so that the sender can detect the collision? b) There are only two stations, A and B, in a bus 1-persistence CSMA/CD network with Tp = 25.6 µs and Tr = 51.2 µs. Station A has a frame to send to station B. The frame is unsuccessful two times and succeeds on the third try. Draw a flowchart for this problem. Assume that the R is 1 and 2 respectively and ignore the time for sending a jamming signal.This elementary problem begins to explore propagation delay and transmission delay, twocentral concepts in data networking. Consider two hosts, A and B, connected by a single link ofrate R bps. Suppose that the two hosts are separated by m meters, and suppose the propagationspeed along the link is s meters/sec. Host A is to send a packet of size L bits to Host B.a. Express the propagation delay, dprop, in terms of m and s.b. Determine the transmission time of the packet, dtrans, in terms of Land R.c. Ignoring processing and queuing delays, obtain an expression for the endto-end delay.d. Suppose Host A begins to transmit the packet at time t = 0. At time t = dtrans,where is the last bit of the packet?e. Suppose dprop is greater than dtrans. At time t = dtrans, where is the first bit ofthe packet?f. Suppose dprop is less than dtrans. At time t = dtrans, where is the first bit ofthe packet?g. Suppose s = 2.5 · 108, L = 120 bits, and R = 56 kbps. Find the distance mso that dprop equals…