Pulsars. When a star with a mass at least ten times that of the Sun explodes outward in a supernova, its core can be collapsed into a pulsar, which is a spinning star that emits electromagnetic radiation (radio waves or light) in two tight bears in opposite directions. If a beam sweeps across Earth during the rotation, we can detect repeated pulses of the radiation, one per revolution. (a) The first pulsar was discovered by Jocelyn Bell Burnell and Antony Hewish in 1967; its pulses are separated by 1.3373 s. What is its angular speed in revolutions per second? (b) To date, the fastest spinning pulsar has an angular speed of 716 rev/s. What is the separation of its detected pulses in milliseconds? (a) Number (b) Number i 1345.98 2510 Units Units rev/s ms

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Central Force

Central force is the force that acts along the center of mass of one body to the center of mass of another body. Its direction from or away from a point on a body to another is called the center of the force. Such forces include gravitational force between two massive objects or electrostatic forces between two charged particles. So from atoms to planets, the central forces play an important role in shaping our daily lives. One of the remarkable features of central forces is that they are conservative, i.e. the total energy of a central force system can always be expressed as a gradient of a potential energy function.