Q.1) For the figure given below, a force P in kN determine the following. a. The location of maximum normal stress (both along the Z- length and on the cross-section), B 1m component of normal stress and the 2m magnitude of normal stress. 45° b. The location of maximum shear stress (both along the length and on the cross-section), component of shear stress and the magnitude of shear stress. c. On the fixed end, at any point on the neutral axis, represent the stress components in a stress element and calculate the principal stresses and directions. Also show the stress element along the principal directions. Hint: z-axis is out of the screen. Solve in terms of P. YA 100 300 mm
Design Against Fluctuating Loads
Machine elements are subjected to varieties of loads, some components are subjected to static loads, while some machine components are subjected to fluctuating loads, whose load magnitude tends to fluctuate. The components of a machine, when rotating at a high speed, are subjected to a high degree of load, which fluctuates from a high value to a low value. For the machine elements under the action of static loads, static failure theories are applied to know the safe and hazardous working conditions and regions. However, most of the machine elements are subjected to variable or fluctuating stresses, due to the nature of load that fluctuates from high magnitude to low magnitude. Also, the nature of the loads is repetitive. For instance, shafts, bearings, cams and followers, and so on.
Design Against Fluctuating Load
Stress is defined as force per unit area. When there is localization of huge stresses in mechanical components, due to irregularities present in components and sudden changes in cross-section is known as stress concentration. For example, groves, keyways, screw threads, oil holes, splines etc. are irregularities.
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