Q2) Aggregate demand and supply a) Explain economic fluctuations in short and long run. b) What is Okun's law and Keynesian economics, give examples. c) Explain the downward slope of aggregate demand. d) Explain long run and short run aggregate supply
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- Please answer all parts of the question! Thank you! 1. Answer each of the questions completely. Make sure your example clearly demonstrates your understanding of each concept. (a) Describe the four shifters of Aggregate Demand AND provide an example of each (____/2) (b)Describe the three shifters of Aggregate Supply AND provide an example of each (____/1) (c) What shifters the Long-Run Aggregate Supply Curve? (____/1) (d) Explain what an Inflationary (Positive Output) Gap and a Recessionary (Negative Output) Gap are, including what happens to unemployment and output (____/2)Part (e) of the following question: Assume that a country’s economy is in long-run equilibrium. (a) Using a correctly labeled graph of aggregate demand, short-run aggregate supply, and long-run aggregate supply, show the short-run equilibrium price level, labeled PL1, and output level, labeled Y1. (b) Assume that increased uncertainty has reduced business orders for equipment. What is the impact of the change in business orders on each of the following in the short run? (i) Aggregate demand. Explain. (ii) Employment (c) Based on the change in business orders, what will happen to the long-run economic growth rate? Explain. (d) Using a correctly labeled graph of the loanable funds market, show the effect of the change in business orders on the real interest rate in the country in the short run. (e) Given the effect on the real interest rate identified in part (d), what will happen to each of the following? (i) The supply of the country’s currency on the foreign…If a graph showed aggregate demand and short-run aggregate supply intersecting at $18 trillion of GDP, and the long-run aggregate supply curve was situated at $20 trillion of GDP, this would indicate that the economy was Select one: a. at full employment. b. experiencing high inflation. c. in a recession. d. in an expansion.
- Question 2 a) Write an equation that expresses the Keynesian production function as depicted by the business cycle b) Explain two factors that cause shifts in the Aggregate Demand Curve c) Explain two factors that cause shifts in the Aggregate Supply Curve d) State the effect of a rise in consumption expenditure (caused by a stock market boom) on real GDP and the price level in the short run. Identify the output gap created. Show in a well labelled graph. e). Explain how the economy would self-adjust to the long run equilibrium (full employment equilibrium) if its left on its own. Use the graph in d) above to illustrate.Suppose an aggregate supply curve shifts right and this is the only change in the economy. What will certainly NOT happen? Group of answer choices: Higher output Lower output Lower price level Aggregate demand curve remains unchanged Which of the following helps to increase employment and decrease inflation? Group of answer choices: Right shift of an aggregate supply curve Right shift of the aggregate demand curve Left shift of the aggregate demand curve Left shift of an aggregate supply curveUnemployment would decrease and prices would increase if a. aggregate supply shifted left. b. aggregate demand shifted right. c. aggregate supply shifted right. d. aggregate demand shifted left.
- Assuming Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply are initially at ADo and ASo respectively, which of the following explains the adjustment towards long-run equilibrium depicted in Figure B? a. Unemployment (resulting from the short-run equilibrium being below LRAS) causes wages to decline, which increases AS till long-run equilibrium is attained at full employment level of income and a lower price level. b. Government spending is increased, increasing AD to a level sufficient to attain long-run equilibrium at full employment level of income and a higher price level c. In attempting to produce beyond the economy's natural level of GDP, producers bid up wages and prices of other resources, causing the AS to decrease to the point where long-run equilibrium is restored. d. Taxes are increased reducing AD to a level consistent with long-run equilibriumquestion 1- Along the short-run aggregate supply curve (SRAS), an increase (rightward shift) in the aggregate demand curve will increase:a. both the price level and real GDP.b. real GDP without raising the price level.c. the price level without affecting real GDP.d. the price level but reduce real GDP. question 2- Which of the following would cause an increase (rightward shift) in the short-run aggregate supply curve (SRAS)?a. An increase in the long-run aggregate supply curve (LRAS).b. A decrease in the CPI.c. An increase in the CPI.d. A decrease in oil prices.include correctly labeled diagrams, if useful or required, in explaining your answers. A correctly labeled diagram must have all axes and curves clearly labeled and must show directional changes. Assume a country’s economy is currently in recession. Draw a correctly labeled graph of the long-run aggregate supply, short-run aggregate supply, and aggregate demand curves, and show each of the following. Current real output, labeled Y1, and current price level, labeled PL1 Full employment output, labeled Yf Identify one action the central bank can take to help the economy recover from the recession. Draw a correctly labeled graph of the money market, and show the impact of the central bank’s action identified in part (b) on the nominal interest rate. On your graph for part (a), show the effect of the central bank’s action identified in part (b) on real output and the price level.
- Include correctly labeled diagrams, if useful or required, in explaining your answers. A correctly labeled diagram must have all axes and curves clearly labeled and must show directional changes. If the question prompts you to “Calculate,” you must show how you arrived at your final answer. Assume that the United States economy is currently in a recession in a short-run equilibrium. e. Now assume instead that the government and the Federal Reserve take no policy action in response to the recession. i. In the long run, will the short-run aggregate supply increase, decrease, or remain unchanged? Explain. ii. In the long run, what will happen to the natural rate of unemployment?Assume that aggregate demand is unaffected by the gas tax holiday. After the economy has fully adjusted to the gas tax holiday, the long-run effect is (an increase, no change, a decrease) in aggregate output and (an increase, no change, a decrease) in the price level.Assume that Canada is initially in long run equilibrium with price level of P1 and GDP of Y1. Discuss how each of the following four events would affect aggregate demand, the price level and real GDP of Canada There is a sharp fall in Canada’s exchange rate 2. A wave of pro-Canadian sentiment sweeps the U.S. and people in U.S. increase their consumption of Canadian goods 3. There is a recession in China, which is a large importer of Canadian agricultural goods 4. Due to a global health concern, there is a travel restriction of foreign travellers coming to Canada