Q3. Recall a barter trade case, where the number N of prices needed to complete exchanges among n goods and services (G&S) is equal to N = n(n -1)/2 without money (but to N = n if money is instead used). This case can be used to account for why the U.S. dollar plays a pivotal role in global forex markets as a vehicle currency. Explain why the U.S. has maintained trade deficits with about 100 countries because of this role of its currency since it de-linked the dollar from gold in 1970. An awful situation is that the U.S. prints the dollar and uses it to buy various G&S all over the world. -
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- Right now (Fall 2022), the US dollar is significantly stronger that it has been during the last few years — it appreciated against most currencies by about 15-20 percent over the period of two years. Looking at two groups of economic agents — US consumers and US producers — how does stronger currency affect any of these two groups? (other things being equal)Suppose Americans suddenly develop a strong taste for Canadian whiskey. a.) What happens to the demand for Canadian dollars in the foreign exchange market? b.) What happens to the value of Canadian dollars in the foreign exchange market? What about U.S. dollars? c.) What happens to the quantity of net exports in Canada, other than whiskey, as a result of your answer in part b? What about the U.S.?6. In the exchange rate model in Example 7.2, supposethe company continues to manufacture its product inthe United States, but now it sells its product in theUnited States, the United Kingdom, and possibly othercountries. The company can independently set its pricein each country where it sells. For example, the pricecould be $150 in the United States and £110 in theUnited Kingdom. You can assume that the demandfunction in each country is of the constant elasticityform, each with its own parameters. The question iswhether the company can use Solver independently ineach country to find the optimal price in this country.(You should be able to answer this question withoutactually running any Solver model(s), but you mightwant to experiment, just to verify your reasoning.)
- Depict two currency markets: the U.S. dollar and the Japanese Yen, setting up the two markets in initial equilibrium. Next to each supply curve and demand curve state who is on the supply curve in the market and who is on the demand curve in the market. Assume there is an increased preference among U.S. consumers for Japanese electronic goods because of a perceived superior quality. 1b. Make changes to the two currency markets reflecting this change. 1c. State which currency has appreciated with respect to the other currency.You have been hired as a Marco Economist by the President of the United States to help evaluate the recentannouncement by Federal Reserve chairman Ben Bernanke that the FED will be increasing interest rates again.Ben Bernanke has justified the move on the grounds that the economy continues to be strong. Answer thefollowing questions. Provide a graphical explanation for your answers whenever possible What is the effect on the foreign exchangemarket (the $ market)? 8. The exchange rate (the amount of foreigncurrency that a $ buys)?A. increaseB. decreaseC. remains unchanged 9. The U.S. dollar has?A. depreciatedB. appreciatedC. remained unchanged 10. The currency in the other country has?A. depreciatedB. appreciatedC. remained unchangedEconomics Q8 Suppose, on a certain day in February, a speculator observes the following prices in the foreign exchange and currency futures markets: GBP/USD spot: 1.6465 March futures: 1.6425 September futures: 1.6250 December futures: 1.6130 The speculator thinks that the markets are overestimating the weakness of sterling (GBP) against the dollar. How can she act on this view to make a profit? Under what circumstances do her actions lead to a loss?
- Consider Country Y, a hypothetical country that produces only plastic toys. Initially, a plastic toy is priced at €1.00. Kate has €200 in her pocket, and, with this, she can purchase .......... plastic toys. Assume the government of Y cannot raise sufficient tax revenues to pay its debts. In order to meet its debt obligations, the government prints money. As a result, the money supply rises by 10%. If monetary neutrality holds, the 10% increase in the money supply will cause the price of a plastic toy to rise/fall to € ........ . After the government prints money to pay its debts, the €200 in Kate's pocket will purchase ...... plastic toys (round down to the nearest whole plastic toy). The impact that the government's decision to raise revenue by printing money has on the value of the money in Kate's pocket is known as the ( classical dichotomy / Fisher effect / velocity of money / inflation tax )In Belarus, the government doesn’t allow trading of its ruble outside a narrow price range, which greatly overvalues the ruble – there is a price floor on the ruble compared to euros or dollars. Because of the floor, currency trading has dried up – who would want to sell foreign currencies for grossly overpriced Belarusian rubles? A friend of one of my students has a web site designed to overcome rigidities in this market, a sort of Craigslist for currency. People specify amounts they are willing to buy or sell, agree to trade at some price and arrange a meeting place. When they meet, the trade nominally occurs at the official price floor, making the transaction nominally legal; but the person selling rubles makes extra payments to the buyer to lower the price sufficiently so that the trade actually takes place at the equilibrium price. This is one more way in which technology helps markets circumvent imperfections and rigidities. Q: If the Belarusian government increases…Suppose Americans suddenly develop a strong taste for Canadian whiskey. What happens to the demand for Canadian dollars in the foreign exchange market? What happens to the value of Canadian dollars in the foreign exchange market? What about U.S. dollars? What happens to the quantity of net exports in Canada, other than whiskey, as a result of your answer in part b? What about the U.S.?
- Use the money market and FX diagrams to answer the following questions. This question considers the relationship between the Indian rupee (Rs) and the U.S. dollar ($). The exchange rate is in rupees per dollar, ERs/$. On all graphs, label the initial equilibrium point A. a. Illustrate how a permanent increase in India’s money supply affects the money and FX markets. Label your short-run equilibrium point B and your long-run equilibrium point C. b. By plotting them on a chart with time on the horizontal axis, illustrate how each of the following variables changes over time (for India): nominal money supply MIN, price level PIN, real money supply MIN/PIN, interest rate iRs, and the exchange rate ERs/$. c. Using your previous analysis, state how each of the following variables changes in the short run (increase/decrease/no change): India’s interest rate iRs, ERs/$, expected exchange rate EeRs/$, and price level PIN. d. Using your previous analysis, state how each of the…You have been hired as a Marco Economist by the President of the United States to help evaluate the recentannouncement by Federal Reserve chairman Ben Bernanke that the FED will be increasing interest rates again.Ben Bernanke has justified the move on the grounds that the economy continues to be strong. Answer thefollowing questions. Provide a graphical explanation for your answers whenever possible. What is the effect on the foreign exchangemarket (the $ market)? 12. What impact will this have on imports?A. increaseB. decreaseC. remains unchanged 13. What impact does the change in the exchangerate have on aggregate demand?A. increase (shifts to the right)B. decrease (shifts to the left)C. remains unchanged 14. What happens to the aggregate supply curve?A. increase (shifts to the right)B. decrease (shifts to the left)C. remains unchangedSuppose the foreign exchange market is characterized by the following equations: Qd = 12.5 – 1.25R Qs = 3.5 + 1.25R where Qd is the demand function for foreign exchange, Qs is supply function of foreign exchange, and R is exchange rate in units of domestic currency per unit of foreign currency (quantity is in million units of foreign currency). ===================== The foreign exchange market described above is Select one: stable unstable unpredictable none of the above