Question 1-3. Early results after one year of follow-up in a prospecti disease and exposure to a potential risk factor are shown in the table below. The sample cohort consists of 100,000 adults over the age of 50 from central Ohio. From these data, estimate the relative risk (RR), conduct a Z test and interpret your findings. Status Disease Present Disease Absent Exposure to factor 50 24,950 No Exposure to factor 150 74,850 2. What is the Z score calculated from these data?
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- QUESTION 12 Historically, the proportion of people who trade in their old car to a car dealer when purchasing a new car is 48%. Over the previous 6 months, in a sample of 115 new-car buyers, 46 have traded in their old car. To determine (at the 10% level of significance) whether the proportion of new-car buyers that trade in their old car has statistically significantly decreased, what can you conclude concerning the null hypothesis? Reject the null hypothesis Fail to reject the null hypothesisQuestion #4. US Universities found that 72% of people are concerned about the possibility that their personal records could be stolen over the Internet. If a random sample of 300 college students at a Midwestern university were taken and 228 of them were concerned about the possibility that their personal records could be stolen over the Internet, could you conclude at the 0.025 level of significance that a higher proportion of the university's college students are concerned about Internet theft than the public at large? Report the p-value for this test. Z0.025 = 1.96QUESTION 25 A clinical trial is being conducted in order to determine the efficacy of a new drug used to treat Rheumatoid arthritis. The efficacy of the medication will not only be determined by the physical improvement of symptoms but also by using a blood test to examine the concentration C-reactive protein (an inflammatory marker) in an individual’s blood. If the researcher wants a margin of error for the level of C-reactive protein to be less than or equal to 3.0 mg/dL, and if the standard deviation for C-reactive protein concentrations among arthritis patients was previously documented at 8 mg/dL, how many patients should be recruited for each group in the study assuming a 95% confidence interval will be used to quantify the mean differences between the control group and the treatment group? nfor the treatment group = 112; n for the control group = 111 nfor the treatment group = 56; n for the control group = 57 nfor the treatment group = 55; n…
- question 4 Chen et al. (2000) examined the foraging behaviour of northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) that breed along the west coast of Mexico and the USA. They attached platform satellite transmitter terminals (PTTs) to 22 male seals and recorded, for each seal, the distance (km) to its main feeding area offshore and the amount of time (days) it spent at the feeding area. The results are presented below: What two null hypotheses are being tested with the output shown above? What statistical conclusions would you draw about these hypotheses? Complete the regression equation by filling in the blanks (to the nearest 3 decimal places). duration = + * distance What is one biological interpretation of this relationship between duration and distance ? What % of the variation in duration at main feeding area was explained by distance to feeding area?Question 7 Consider a cohort study to compare the mortality rate of myocardial infarction (MI) in men with sedentary work (exposed group) to men with physically active work (unexposed). If in the exposed, there were 36,000 person (man) years of observation and 126 deaths whereas the unexposed had 24,000 man-years of observation and 44 deaths. Compute the following a) Mortality rate in each cohort? b) What is the relative risk of dying, comparing these 2 groups? c) What is the attributable risk of sedentary work? d) What is the attributable benefit of physical activity? e) If we assume that MI is associated with the mortality in this cohort (causality), what proportion of the disease in the higher group is potentially preventable?QUESTION 12 Historically, the proportion of people who trade in their old car to a car dealer when purchasing a new car is 48%. Over the previous 6 months, in a sample of 115 new-car buyers, 46 have traded in their old car. To determine (at the 10% level of significance) whether the proportion of new-car buyers that trade in their old car has statistically significantly decreased, what can you conclude concerning the null hypothesis?
- question (9): A researcher was interested in the effect of job security on stress. The researcher recruited a random sample of 10 individuals who had job security and 10 individuals who were employed on a 1 year contract. The researcher measured the stress hormone through a saliva sample. This is an independent sample design; TRUE OR FALSEQuestion 20 On the basis of data provided by a Romac Salary survey, the variance in annual salaries for seniors in public accounting firms is approximately 2.1 and the variance in annual salaries for managers in public accounting firms is approximately 11.1. The salary data were provided in thousands of dollars. Assuming that the salary data were based on samples of 25 seniors and 26 managers, test the hypothesis that the population variances in the salaries are equal. At a 0.05 level f significance, what is your conclusion?QUESTION 21 We have randomly selected 30 students from Section 1 and 25 students from Sections 2 of MSCI course at Utoronto from the last term. We recorded their grades A,B, C, D, or F. If we do a test on this data at 5% significance level, write down the critical value
- Question 8:Research at the University of Toledo indicates that 50% of students change their major area of study after their first year in a program. A random sample of 100 students in the College of Business revealed that 48 had changed their major area of study after their first year of the program. Has there been a significant decrease in the proportion of students who change their major after the first year in this program? Test at the .05 level of significance.Question 2 There is a claim that drink driving has been very common in high ways. The Highway Police randomly caught 300 drivers for breath alcohol test and found that 14% of drivers have breath alcohol over the legal limit. At 4% level of significance, use the p-value approach to test the hypothesis that the percentage of drivers who are drink driving is more than 10%.Question 24: The US Department of Energy reported that 52% of homes were heated by natural gas. A random sample of 311 homes in Oregon found that 141 were heated by natural gas. Test the claim that proportion of homes in Oregon that were heated by natural gas is different than what was reported. Use a 5% significance level. Give answer to at least 4 decimal places. What are the correct hypotheses? (Select the correct symbols and use decimal values not percentages.) H0: H1: Based on the hypotheses, compute the following:Test Statistic = p-value = Based on the above we choose to The correct summary would be: that the proportion of homes in Oregon that were heated by natural gas is different than what the DOE reported value of 52%.