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- EVOLUTION CONNECTION In 1847, the German biologistChristian Bergmann noted that mammals and birds livingat higher latitudes (farther from the equator) are on averagelarger and bulkier than related species found at lower latitudes.Suggest an evolutionary hypothesis to explain this observationThe evolution of beak size in the various species of Galpagos finches is associated with their (a) songs (b) diets (c) body sizes (d) predators (e) none of the precedingSnapping shrimp have evolved very rapid movements in the structures they use to capture prey. These rapid movements, which evolved through natural selection, can be considered a(n) _______, and the process by which they evolved is called _______.
- Many species of animals make alarm calls, which warn others in their group that a predator is approaching. Alarm calls also attract the atten- tion of the predator, making it more likely that the individual making the call will be eaten. Why might natural selection favor the evolution of alarm calls in a species? How might you test that hypothesis?Introduction The Rock Pocket Mouse The rock pocket mouse, Chaetodipus intermedius, is a small, nocturnal animal found in the deserts of thesouthwestern United States. Most rock pocket mice have a sandy, light-colored coat that enables them to blendin with the light color of the desert rocks and sand on which they live. However, populations of primarily dark-colored rock pocket mice have been found living in areas where the ground is covered in a dark rock calledbasalt caused by geologic lava flows thousands of years ago. Scientists have collected data from a population ofprimarily dark-colored mice living in an area of basalt called the Pinacate lava flow in Arizona, as well as from anearby light-colored population. Researchers analyzed the data from these two populations in search of thegenetic mutation responsible for the dark coat color. Their analyses led to the discovery of a mutation in theMc1r gene that is involved in coat-color determination. The MC1R Gene Two pigments…Prey animals may use distraction displays when a predator is nearby.What selective pressures do these prey animals exert on predators?Explain why distraction displays may become more convincingthrough evolutionary time.
- referring to Figure 1.20, provide a possible explanationfor how, over a very long time, the green warbler finchcame to have a slender beak.Scientists have studied, in detail, the evolution of the peppered moth, Biston betularia, over the last two hundred years. The peppered moths rest on tree trunks and are a tempting treat for birds in the area. In the mid-1800s the trees in their England habitat were covered with lichens, which are a light, grayish-green color. Although color variations occurred, the vast majority of the moths were light-colored. Because their light coloration effectively camouflaged them against the lichens-covered trees, they were not as easily seen by birds as darker colored moths. The light colored moths flourished.The environment changed, as the Industrial Revolution progressed. By 1900, the lichens had died and trees were coated with soot due to industrial pollution. The lighter colored moths were no longer "hidden" in their environment, and in fact, were easily seen by their predators. Their numbers dwindled. At the same time, the darker-colored moths flourished because of their ability to hide…Remote islands that are far from any mainland are home to many species that have evolved distinctive adaptations to live in the unique island conditions. (e) Some birds evolve adaptations that include losing the ability to fly. Explain how a species of bird on a remote island could lose the ability to fly over time.
- With all the rich diversity of the monkeys, apes, lemurs, lorises we see in our world today, how has evolution shaped these differences? (hint: think mating strategies, diet, geological/climate, etc).Grasshopper's environment pressures: What obstacles in regard to finding food, habitat, climate, mating? How does it deal with these pressures?This spectacular animal is a Lesser Bird of Paradise, Paradisea minor, from the highlands of Papua New Guinea. In the context of various evolutionary phenomena, why is this bird confined to New Guinea and two nearby islands? Why would you not expect to find it in the mountains of Borneo? This spectacular tail presumably attracts predators; why hasn't natural selection acted to reduce it or camouflage it?