Give typing answer with explanation and conclusion Question 10The Massachusetts reform under the Republican governor Romney (later presidential candidate andnow senator) was precursor to Obamacare (Levy [2013]). Just like the reform established________ and_____. Perhaps the only difference was the initial situation, the fact that Massachusetts is way richerthan the U.S. average.A) a mandate; a risk equalization scheme; a catastrophic illness coverage schemeB) full coverage for physician and hospital services; some long-term care; some pharmacareC) a tax-funded system; a parallel private system; tax breaks for private insurance premiumsD) insurance exchanges; subsidies for working poor's coverage; imposed an insurancemandateE) a tax-funded system; an insurance mandate; a catastrophic illness coverage scheme

The Massachusetts reform, also known as the Massachusetts health care reform, was signed into law in…

Answered: Question 10 The Massachusetts reform…

Economics (MindTap Course List)

13th Edition

ISBN:9781337617383

Author:Roger A. Arnold

Publisher:Roger A. Arnold

Chapter30: Market Failure: Externalities, Public Goods, And Asymmetric Information

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 15QP

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TRUE or FLASE? A. The Beveridge model in the United Kingdom reduces moral hazard by having public providers compete to provide high quality care. B. The Bismarck Model in Germany reduces adverse selection primarily by having a universal, compulsory health insurance system. C. The Bismarck Model in Germany emphasizes equity over choice whereas the Beveridge Model in the United Kingdom emphasize choice over equity. D. The Bismarck Model in Germany reduces moral hazard by requiring cost sharing. E. The Bismarck Model in Germany controls costs by allowing private insurers to negotiate competitive rates with private physicians.
_____ is when everyone in a country is covered by insurance that is run and administered by the government. This strategy is effective at combatting _____. a. Means tested health insurance; adverse selection b. Universal public health insurance; adverse selection c. Universal public health insurance; moral hazard d. Compulsory insurance; moral hazard e. Compulsory insurance; monopoly pricing f. Means tested health insurance; moral hazard
It was taught that liability insurance would undermine the tort system, which has as its central theorem the concept that the individual responsible for injuring another should be made to pay for that injury. Do you think the existence of liability insurance causes one to be less careful than he or she might otherwise be?
It was felt that liability insurance would undermine the tort system, which has as its central theorem the concept that the individual responsible for injuring another should be made to pay for that injury. Do you think the existence of liability insurance causes one to be less careful than he or she might otherwise be?
The opioid addiction crisis and its sequelae represent one of the worst problems to surface in the US in many years, with tens of thousands dying and billions of dollars in estimated costs each year across many domains, from employment to health care to criminal justice and beyond. Some say the problem is so large and growing so fast, we need a multi-disciplinary “all hands on deck” approach to addressing it, with the oft-suggested remedies centered around treatment and prevention. Though economics cannot cure addiction or save the life of someone who has recently overdosed on some substance or other, which of the following can and should health economists do to help? a. Evaluate the costs of doing nothing, i.e., the status quo, to show policy makers the scale of the resources we are implicitly devoting to unsuccessful strategy today, and thus to justify re-directing resources to more effective purposes b. Evaluate the cost-effectiveness of alternative treatment modalities…
Suppose that country has adopted a risk-adjustment scheme to help combat risk selection. Suppose further that a sickness fund has become particularly adept at controlling costs associated with a certain illness/disease. In fact, the fund routinely treats customers with that particular illness for less than the national average cost of treating that illness. In this case, _____. A. the fund may actually make money by enrolling individuals with that illness. B. the fund would loose money enrolling individuals with that illness. C. the fund would be indifferent to enrolling people with that illness.
During a nationwide program to immunize the population against a new strain of the flu, public health officials determined that the cost of inoculating x% of the susceptible populationwould be approximately C(x) = 1.85x/100-x million dollars. (iii) Suppose 17 million dollars are available for providing immunization. What percentage of the susceptible population will not receive immunization?(iv) If money was not a problem will they be able to providing immunization to the entire susceptible population?
Julia is a 28- year-old nonsmoking , non-drinking female of normal weight Because of adverse selection in health insurance , (A) She will be charged less for her premiums than people who are higher risks ) B)She is less likely to buy health insurance than the average person, because policy premiums are based on expected medical expenditures of people who are less healthy than she is ( C) When she get health insurance , she will be less likely to take care of herself. ) D)She must get health insurance early in life, and is likely to lose health insurance if she smokes , drinks to excess, or gains weight. E) She is more likely than the average person to buy health insurance , because she is more likely to be offered it.
An article in JAMA by Mandelblatt et al (2002) compared the societal costs and benefits of human papillomavirus (HPV) testing, Pap testing, and their combination to screen for cervical cancer. The paper studied 18 different population screening strategies – Pap testing alone, HPV testing alone, and Pap plus HPV testing – every 2 or 3 years for women beginning at age 20 and continuing to 65 years, 75 years, and death. The following table summarizes some of the results (low cost to high cost). Costs include screening and treatment costs, discounted over the individual’s expected lifetime. Strategy Cost ($) QALYs Saved Incremental Cost Incremental QALY ICER* 0. No screening 5,000 26.87 1. Pap every 3 years to age 75 6,825 27.02 2. HPV every 3 years to age 75 6,950 27.02 3. Pap every 2 years to age 75 7,275 27.04 4. Pap + HPV every 3 years to age 75 7,400 27.04 5. HPV every 2 years to age 75 7,450…
While randomized control trials are gold-standard, we don't use them in economics often to explore causal relationships. Why? Provide three reasons.
Imperfect competition and moral hazard. Some economists have argued that moral hazard and monopolistic health care markets are two socially inefficient problems that partially cancel each other out. Relative to the optimal level of health care Q∗, how much health care is provided in the presence of moral hazard? Assume perfectly competitive health care markets. Relative to the optimal level of health care Q∗, how much health care is provided in the presence of monopolistic health care markets? Assume no moral hazard. Write a one-sentence defense of the argument that moral hazard and imperfectly competitive health care markets could combine to provide a good level of health care provision Q.
The biggest difference between Beveridge- and Bismarck-style health systems is: a. Beveridge countries all speak English as their main language b. Bismarck countries do not allow for private insurance c. Beveridge countries rank equity above other values and goals d. Bismarck countries tightly regulate private insurance 2. The biggest difference between the United States and Beveridge OR Bismarck counties’ health systems is: a. The US has longer life expectancy for higher income people b. The US permits/tolerates tens of millions of its citizens to be uninsured c. The US does more health technology assessment before utilization than other countries d. The US enjoys spending a higher percentage of its GDP on health care, it is a voluntary choice that reflects preferences for health care over other goods and services

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