Question 4 4.1 Assuming that, due to the Covid 19 pandemic, people's marginal propensity to save increases in Australia, discuss its effects on the level of output using both the Keynesian model and the Solow-Swan model. 4.2 Suppose that the economy of New South Wales was initially in a steady state before a major bushfire that destroyed some of the country's capital stock. Determine the long-run effects of this on the quantity of capital per worker and on output per worker. Explain, using appropriate diagrams.
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- Consider the basic Keynesian-cross model (without government or foreign sectors), where themarginal propensity to consume out of each dollar of disposable income is 60 cents. Initially,autonomous consumption is $350 billion, and Planned investment is $150 billion. Then, animalspirits soar and businesses increase Planned investment to $200 billion. What is the change inequilibrium output (to the closest billion)?Many economic analysts believe that currently Indonesian economy is considerably below its potential output. Meanwhile, recent tensions in the Middle East potentially will potentially push the oil price upward significantly coupled with a significant fall in the world income. If Indonesia is an oil importer: a. What will happen to Indonesian national output? Demonstrate your prediction graphically using relevant models. b. What policy might you suggest to the government? c. Demonstrate the expected total effect of your advice using relevant models!Assume that four-sector model is at play. C+I+G. All expenditures are autonomous. Given: C = 700 + 80 (1-t)Y t = 0.25 I = 210 - 75i G = 1000 TR = 100 L = 0.20Y - 40i M/P = 800 Required: 1. Given your simulations above, what realizations do you have with respect to the macroeconomy.
- Question 3Part (a)In Japan, from the 1990s to the late 2000s, the interest rates fell to very low levels.However, this failed to stimulate consumption or investment spending. Use theaggregate expenditure model to explain what might have happened.Part (b)Suppose you are a highly regarded international economic advisor. You have beenasked to assess the possibilities of growth in an African country. It is a countryabundant in labour and some natural resources. The capital to labour ratio is low. Ithas a free market economy. You have found that this country does not have a verystrong and healthy banking system; however, the political system is stable and thegovernment does a good job protecting property rights. Assess this country’sprospects for growth. Recommend two things that would enhance the country’sgrowthWhich one of the following macro-economic variable should be excluded in a Keynesian model of a closed economy without government Select one: a. Investment b. Induced consumption c. Government spending d. SavingsConsider the intertemporal model with two time periods. Home is a small open economy thatcan borrow and lend in the first period at a fixed world real interest rate of r* = 4%. In thefirst period output is Q0 = 800. Because of a recession, output in the second period output isexpected to fall to Q1 = 500. The country wants to smooth consumption as much as possible.The country begins with no external assets or liabilities. Finally, assume that the intertemporalutility function at home isu(c0) + βu(c1)where β = 1/1+r*u is concave (i.e. consumers are risk averse and want to smooth consumption).(a) Solve for consumption, the current account, and financial account in the first period (t = 0).(b) Solve for the trade balance, current account, and financial account in the second period(t = 1).(c) Would Home be better off or worse off if the world interest rate is 1% instead of 4%?Explain using the appropriate equations.
- Consider the Solow Model. Suppose a country enacts a tax policy that discourages investment, and the policy reduces the investment rate immediately and permanently from sbar to sbarprime . Assuming the economy (and hence the initial capital stock) is in its initial steady state, use the Solow Model to explain what happens to the economy over time and in the long run. Draw a graph showing how output evolves over time (put Y_t on the vertical axis with a ratio scale and time on the horizontal axis), and explain what happens to economic growth over time.1. Which of the following is not an assumption of the simple Keynesian model ? (a). We are in the short -run (b).Prices are constant (c).Output is demand -determine (d). Output is supply -determine (e). Aggregate output equals planned expenditure. 2. Which of the following is not one of the principal economic goals for the economy ? (a). Economic growth (b).Stable prizes (c). Strong national defense (d). Full employment (e). A strong cedi 3. Which is not a cause for business cycles considered by macroeconomists. (a). Greed (b) variations in optimism (c) shocks to money supply (d) shocks to technological ability 4. Which of the following question is of most interest for macroeconomics. (a). Why do foreigners immigrate to Ghana. (b).What is the appropriate stance of antitrust policy (c)Why is there inflation (d). What does the steel industry wants to tariffs 5. Which of the following statement is true ? (a). Final goods as produce in the same year as the related final good…I have to analyze, using the IS-LM model, the macroeconomiceffects of an increase in savings in the short term and its implications for long-term growth. Specifically, I have to suppose that households (consumers) lose confidence and start saving more for any level of disposable income. Can you plase answer the following question (using graphs where possible): In terms of total savings and, therefore, of potential long-term growth, is a flat LM curve or a positive sloping LM curve better?
- I have to analyze, using the IS-LM model, the macroeconomiceffects of an increase in savings in the short term and its implications for long-term growth. Specifically, I have to suppose that households (consumers) lose confidence and start saving more for any level of disposable income. Can you plase answer the following question (using graphs too): In terms of total savings and, therefore, of potential long-term growth, is a flat LM curve or a positive sloping LM curve better?Consider a 4-sector Keynesian model like that discussed in class with the following characteristics: exogenous consumption=10000, exogenous taxation=4000, government spending=5000, exports=5000, planned investment=2000. The marginal propensity to save=50%, the marginal tax rate (t)=30% and the marginal propensity to import (m)=20%. The potential output for the economy is 16000. Note that import demand is given by M=m(1-t)Y. 1. What is the output gap?Y5 Consider an AS-AD model for the U.S. Suppose an economic expansion in Mexico increases income for the average Mexican household. Mexico is a large trading partner with the US. This expansion would cause: a. the U.S. price level to rise and real GDP to fall. b. the U.S. price level and real GDP to increase. c. the U.S. price level to fall and real GDP to rise. d. the U.S. price level and real GDP to fall.