Radioactive isotopes are often introduced into the body through the bloodstream. Their spread through the body can then be monitored by detecting the appearance of radiation in different organs. One such tracer is 131 I, a β- emitter with a half-life of 8.0 d. Suppose a scientist introduces a sample with an activity of 325 Bq and watches it spread to the organs. (a) Assuming that all of the sample went to the thyroid gland, what will be the decay rate in that gland 24 d (about 3 1/2 weeks) later? (b) If the decay rate in the thyroid 24 d later is measured to be 17.0 Bq, what percentage of the tracer went to that gland? (c) What isotope remains after the I-131 decays?

Q: 131I undergoes beta-minus decay with a subsequent gamma emission from the daughter nucleus. Iodine…

A: Given: The mass of the thyroid gland is m=0.15 kg. The energy receive by patient is E1=0.050 mCi.…

Q: A freshly prepared sample of a certain radioactive isotope has an activity of 10.0 mCi. After 4.00…

A: Formula to calculate the decay constant is,

Q: In 1991, German tourists discovered the well-preserved remains of a man, now called “Ötzi the…

A: When scientists date a sample it is essential that the isotope which is used to date the sample…

Q: The Curiosity rover sent to explore the surface of Mars has an electric generator powered by heat…

A: The expression for half-life of plutonium is Here, λ is disintegration constant. Substitute the…

Q: radiation detector which registers 11360 counts per minute. Twelve hours later, the detector reads…

A:

Q: Calculate the binding energy (in MeV) per nucleon for an α-particle (4He nucleus), given that the…

A: Since you have asked multiple questions we will solve first question for you.please post remaining…

Q: 18F is an unstable isotope of fluorine (Z=9) that decays by beta plus emission (β+ decay) with a…

A: The solution can be given as follows :-

Q: How much energy is needed to remove a neutron from a 236^U nucleus? Is this energy greater or less…

A: Given: nucleus = U236 we have to calculate energy required to remove one neutron from U236 Start by…

Q: A sample of the radioactive nuclide 199Pt is prepared that has an initial activity of 7.80×1011 Bq…

A: a) We know ,   half life t12=t ln2ln NoNtinitial activity = 7.8x1011next activity = 9.45x1010

Q: The beta decay of 40K that is a natural part of the body makes all human beings slightly…

A: Given,             Beta decay of 40 K             70 kg adult have potassium = 170 g…

Q: The half-life of 131 I is 8.04 days. (a) Convert the half-life to seconds. (b) Calculate the decay…

A: Since we only answer up to 3 sub-parts, we’ll answer the first 3. Please resubmit the question and…

Q: A radioactive sample has a decay constant of 0.2193/min. (a) What is its half-life? (b) If at the…

A: The equation of the radio activity is given by  N = No e-λt where, N is the number of atoms left, No…

Q: A radoiactive sample has a decay constant of 0.2193/minute. a. What is it's half life? b. If at the…

A: Given, Decay constant, λ = 0.2193/minuteNumber of nuclei, No = 3.2×1015 We know that,λ =…

Q: A particular radioactive sample undergoes 2.50××10^6 decays/s. a) What is the activity of the…

A: In the given question , We have to determine  the values of given parts.

Q: RADIOACTIVITY. LAW OF RADIOACTIVE DECAY Activity units: 1 Ci = 3.7 × 1010 Bq 1. Nuclear decay law: N…

A:

Q: The activity of a sample of a radioisotope at some time is 10.5 mCi and 0.46 h later it is 7.00 mCi.…

A: Initial activity of isotope is Ro = 10.5 mCi Activity after some time is R = 7.00 mCi Time elapsed…

Q: Consider an initially pure 3.4 g sample of 67Ga, an isotope that has a half-life of 78 h. (a) What…

A: Here, Also,

Q: There is more than one isotope of natural uranium. If a researcher isolates 1.00 mg of the…

A:

Q: To destroy a cancerous tumor, a dose of gamma radiation totaling an energy of 2.12 J is to be…

A:

Q: The most common isotope of radon is 222Rn, which has halflife 3.82 days. (a) What fraction of the…

A: The number of radon atoms remaining is given as,

Q: The Curiosity rover sent to explore the surface of Mars has an electric generator powered by heat…

A:

Q: Taking into account the recoil (kinetic energy) of the daughter nucleus, calculate the kinetic…

A: Please see the answer below.

Q: The energy released per gram of 235^U in J/g in the case of the fission of this nucleus at 144^Ba,…

A:

Q: A freshly prepared sample of a certain radioactive isotope has an activity of 10.2 mCi. After 3.70…

A:

Q: alculate the radiation dose in rem per year (365 days) for the lungs of a weapons plant employee who…

A:

Q: A nuclei has a half-life of 2.80 days. If 122 mCi were prepared but had a delay of 8.0 days. How…

A:

Q: A by-product of some fission reactors is the isotope 94239Pu, which is an alpha emitter with a…

A: Formula to calculate the number of Pu nuclei present is,

Q: A radioactive isotope has a half-life of 72.0 min. A sample is prepared that has an initial activity…

A: Given Data: The half-life of a radioactive isotope is, t1/2=72.0 min The initial activity is,…

Q: In a nuclear reactor accident, the 137Cs (?1/2 = 30.2 years) nuclide is among the most problematic…

A: Given : Description of a nuclear reactor using 137Cs.

Q: A radioactive sample has a decay constant of 0.219 3/minute. (a) What is its half-life? (b) If at…

A: The relation between the half life and the decay constant is  T = 0.693λ The equation of…

Q: The plutonium isotope 239Pu is produced as a by-product in nuclear reactors and hence is…

A:

Q: A certain isotope has a half-life of 5.9 h and an atomic mass of 95.98 u. What will the activity in…

A:

Q: Fusion bombs use neutrons from their fission trigger tocreate tritium fuel in the reaction n +6 Li…

A:

Q: A patient receives a dose of radiation by ingesting a radioactive medication containing 32P, which…

A:

Q: A source contains two phosphorus radionuclides, 32P (T1/2 = 14.3 d) and 33P (T1/2 = 25.3 d).…

A:

Q: RADIOACTIVITY. LAW OF RADIOACTIVE DECAY Activity units: 1 Ci = 3.7 × 101º Bq 1. Nuclear decay law: N…

A:

Q: Two nuclei have mass numbers in the ratio 1: 8. What is the ratio of their nuclear radii?

A: The relation between the mass number and the radius is  R =Ro A13 where, Ro is constant, R is the…

Q: A freshly prepared sample of certain radioactive isotope has an activity of 12.0 mCi. After 4.00h,…

A:

Q: To destroy a cancerous tumor, a dose of gamma radiation totaling an energy of 2.12 J is to be…

A:

Nuclear Reactions

Nuclear reactions are processes in which the fundamental characteristics of a nucleus changes. They change into a completely different nucleus. These processes occur naturally in an unstable nucleus. Bombarding an energetic particle can induce nuclear reactions.  In this article, both the naturally occurring nuclear reactions are termed as radioactive decay and the induced nuclear reactions are further categorized as nuclear fission and nuclear fusion.