Reaction 2: CO₂ (g) + H₂(g) (A)cooling the reaction: (B) adding more H2 into the reaction: (C)increasing the pressure in the container_ (D) reducing the pressure; (E) adding more CO into the system: (F) adding some Neon gas: (G) placing a catalyst into the system: Reaction 3: 2 NO2 (a) N204(a) (A) decreasing temperature of the system: (B) adding more N204 into the system: (C) increasing the pressure of the system: CO+ H₂O AH=-60 kJ AH=+1.15 kJ.

Reaction 2: CO₂ (g) + H₂(g) (A)cooling the reaction: (B) adding more H2 into the reaction: (C)increasing the pressure in the container_ (D) reducing the pressure; (E) adding more CO into the system: (F) adding some Neon gas: (G) placing a catalyst into the system: Reaction 3: 2 NO2 (a) N204(a) (A) decreasing temperature of the system: (B) adding more N204 into the system: (C) increasing the pressure of the system: CO+ H₂O AH=-60 kJ AH=+1.15 kJ.

Chemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781133611097

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl

Chapter17: Spontaneity, Entropy, And Free Energy

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8RQ: Consider the equation G = G + RT ln(Q). What is the value of G for a reaction at equilibrium? What...

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Consider the reaction 2SO2(g)+O2(g)2SO3(g) (a) Calculate G at 25C. (b) If the partial pressures of SO2 and SO3 are kept at 0.400 atm, what partial pressure should O2 have so that the reaction just becomes nonspontaneous (i.e., G=+1.0 k J)?
9.96 Most first aid "cold packs" are based on the endothermic dissolution of ammonium nitrate in water: NH4NO3(s)NH4+(aq)+NO3(aq) H= 25.69 kJ A particular cold pack contains 50.0 g of NH4NO3 and 125.0 g of water. When the pack is squeezed, the NH4NO3dissolves in the water. If the pack and its contents are initially at 24.0°C, what is the lowest temperature that this bag could reach? (Assume that the ammonium nitrate solution has a specific heat of 4.25J g-l K-l, and that the heat capacity of the bag itself is small enough to be neglected.)
Consider a metal ion A2+ and its nitrate salt, In an experiment, 35.00 mL of a 0.217 M solution of A(NO3)2 is made to react with 25.00 mL of 0.195 M NaOH. A precipitate, A(OH)2, forms. Along with the precipitation, the temperature increases from 24.8C to 28.2C. What is H for the precipitation of A(OH)2? The following assumptions can be made. â€¢ The density of the solution is 1.00 g/mL. â€¢ Volumes are additive. â€¢ The specific heat of the solution is 4.18 J/g C.
Silver carbonate, Ag2CO3, is a light yellow compound that decomposes when heated to give silver oxide and carbon dioxide: Ag2CO3(s)Ag2O(s)+CO2(g) A researcher measured the partial pressure of carbon dioxide over a sample of silver carbonate at 220C and found that it was 1.37 atm. Calculate the partial pressure of carbon dioxide at 25C. The standard enthalpies of formation of silver carbonate and silver oxide at 25C are 505.9 kJ/mol and 31.05 kJ/mol, respectively. Make any reasonable assumptions in your calculations. State the assumptions that you make, and note why you think they are reasonable.
If wet silver carbonate is dried in a stream of hot air. the air must have a certain concentration level of carbon dioxide to prevent silver carbonate from decomposing by the reaction Ag2CO3(s)Ag2O(s)+CO2(g) H for this reaction is 79.14 kJ/mol in the temperature range of 25 to 125C. Given that the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in equilibrium with pure solid silver carbonate is 6.23 103 torr at 25C, calculate the partial pressure of CO2 necessary to prevent decomposition ofAg2CO3 at 110C. (Hint: Manipulate the equation in Exercise 79.)
Adenosine triphosphate, ATP, is used as a free-energy source by biological cells. (See the essay on page 624.) ATP hydrolyzes in the presence of enzymes to give ADP: ATP(aq)+H2O(l)ADP(aq)+H2PO4(aq);G=30.5kJ/molat25C Consider a hypothetical biochemical reaction of molecule A to give molecule B: A(aq)B(aq);G=+15.0kJ/molat25C Calculate the ratio [B]/[A] at 25C at equilibrium. Now consider this reaction coupled to the reaction for the hydrolysis of ATP: A(aq)+ATP(aq)+H2O(l)B(aq)+ADP(aq)+H2PO4(aq) If a cell maintains a high ratio of ATP to ADP and H2PO4 by continuously making ATP, the conversion of A to B can be made highly spontaneous. A characteristic value of this ratio is [ATP][ADP][H2PO4]=500 Calculate the ratio [B][A] in this case and compare it with the uncoupled reaction. Compared with the uncoupled reaction, how much larger is this ratio when coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP?
Consider the reaction H2(g)+Br2(g)2HBr(g) where H = 103.8 kJ/mol. In a particular experiment, equal moles of H2(g) at 1.00 atm and Br2(g) at 1.00 atm were mixed in a 1.00-L flask at 25C and allowed to reach equilibrium. Then the molecules of H2 at equilibrium were counted using a very sensitive technique, and 1.10 1013 molecules were found. For this reaction, calculate the values of K, G, and S.
12.108 A nuclear engineer is considering the effect of discharging waste heat from a power plant into a lake and estimates that this may warm the water locally to 25 °C. One question to be considered is the effect of this temperature change on the uptake of CO2 by the water. The equilibrium constant for the reaction CO2+H2OH2CO3 ; is K=1.7103 at 25 °C. Because bonds form, the reaction is exothermic. (a) Will this reaction progress further toward products at higher temperatures near the water discharge with its warmer water than it would in the cooler lake water? Explain your reasoning. (b) Carbonic acid has a Kaof 2.5104 at 25 °C. What is the equilibrium constant for the CO2+2H2OHCO3+H3O+? (c) What additional factor should the engineer be considering about CO2 gas, probably before considering this reaction chemistry?
Hydrogenation, the addition of hydrogen to an organic compound, is an industrially important reaction. Calculate rH, rS, and rG for the hydrogenation of octene, C8H16, to give octane, C8H19 at 25 C. Is the reaction product- or reactant-favored at equilibrium? C8H16(g) + H2(g) C8H18(g) Along with data in Appendix L, the following information is needed for this calculation.
Hydrogen gas and iodine gas react to form hydrogen iodide. If 0.500 mol H2 and 1.00 mol I2 are placed in a closed 10.0-L vessel, what is the mole fraction of HI in the mixture when equilibrium is reached at 205C? Use data from Appendix C and any reasonable approximations to obtain K.
Describe how you would expect the spontaneity (G) for each of the following reactions to behave with a change of temperature. a Phosgene, COCl2, the starting material for the preparation of polyurethane plastics, decomposes as follows: COCl2(g)CO(g)+Cl2(g) b Chlorine is added to ethylene to produce dichloroethane, a solvent: Cl2(g)+C2H4(g)C2H4Cl2(l)
Consider the decomposition of CaCO3(s) into CaO(s) and Co2(g). What is the equilibrium partial pressure of CO2 at room temperature?

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