Recall that for a lone pair to be involved in resonance, it must be in a p orbital, which requires the atom it is on to be sp² or sp hybridized. This means that for a situation with resonance, the actual hybridization of the atom is determined from the resonance structure where that atom has the lowest steric number (so it can use the required number of p orbitals to form pi bonds as shown in some of its resonance structures). This could be the situation in your initial drawing, or in one of the resonance structures you draw from it. All of the oxygens in the following molecules are sp² hybridized except one. Which of the following structures has an sp³ hybridized oxygen atom? НО. (A) (B) (D)

Recall that for a lone pair to be involved in resonance, it must be in a p orbital, which requires the atom it is on to be sp² or sp hybridized. This means that for a situation with resonance, the actual hybridization of the atom is determined from the resonance structure where that atom has the lowest steric number (so it can use the required number of p orbitals to form pi bonds as shown in some of its resonance structures). This could be the situation in your initial drawing, or in one of the resonance structures you draw from it. All of the oxygens in the following molecules are sp² hybridized except one. Which of the following structures has an sp³ hybridized oxygen atom? НО. (A) (B) (D)

Chemistry: The Molecular Science

5th Edition

ISBN:9781285199047

Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski

Publisher:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski

Chapter7: Molecular Structures

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 102QRT: There are two compounds with the molecular formula HN3. One is called hydrogen azide; the other is...

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There are two compounds with the molecular formula HN3. One is called hydrogen azide; the other is cyclotriazene. (a) Write the Lewis structure for each compound. (b) Designate the hybridization of each nitrogen in hydrogen azide. (c) What is the hybridization of each nitrogen in cyclotriazene? (d) How many sigma bonds are in hydrogen azide? In cyclotriazene? (e) How many pi bonds are in hydrogen azide? In cyclotriazene? (f) Give approximate values for the N-to-N-to-N bond angles in each molecule.
Out of p-orbital and sp-hybrid orbital which has greater directional character and Why?
According to valence bond theory, what is the total number of sp2 hybridized orbitals on all the atoms in formaldehyde, CH2O? Sketch and explain why. According to valence bond theory, how many lone pairs of electrons reside in sp hybridized orbitals in formaldehyde? explain why?
Determine whether each structure is likely to be colored or not. If colored, indicating the extented conjugation by marking series of continuous sp2 hybridized atoms
Divalent carbon species called carbenes are capable of fleeting existence. For example, methylene, :CH2, is the simplest carbene. The two unshared electrons in methylene can be either paired in a single orbital or unpaired in different orbitals. a. Identify the type of hybridization you expect carbon to adopt in singlet (spin-paired) methylene and draw an illustration of its orbital showing the location of its electrons. (4 marks) b. Identify the type of hybridization you expect carbon to adopt in triplet (spin-unpaired) methylene and draw an illustration of its orbital showing the location of its electrons.
Draw the valence bond diagram representing chemical bonding in the molecule of HCONH2 , showing atomic and hybridized orbitals as boxes, valence electrons as arrows in the boxes, and chemical bonds as lines connecting the boxes. Note that the lone pair on N occupies an unhybridized 2p orbital due to the contribution of resonance structure.
2) For each pair of molecules, generate the relevant MO diagram and predict which of the twowill have the highest bond order. (Be sure to include all valenceorbitals, and show the relative positions of the orbitals for each constituent atom.)a) HF vs HF-b) NP vs NP+c) CS vs CS+
Formulate a localized bond picture for the amide ion( NH2-) What hybridization do you expect the central nitrogen atom to have, and what geometry do you predict for the molecular ion?
a) Use the valence electron molecular orbital diagram for O2 to propose ground state O2 ions that satisfy the following conditions:(i) An O2 ion that is paramagnetic and that has a non-integer bond order.(li) An O2 ion that is paramagnetic and that has an integer bond order.(ili) An O2 ion that is diamagnetic and that has a bond order of 3.Clearly show the charge on your ion, label all valence molecular orbitals, and show the corresponding electrons in their orbitals. Full calculations for bond orders must be included.b) Using only the valence electron molecular orbital diagram for O2, is aground state diamagnetic ion with a bond order of 2 possible? Write one or twosentences to explain why or why not.
Let us construct the molecular orbital diagram of ethylene (in pieces). a. First, construct the MO diagram of linear carbene (CH2). Draw pictures of all 6 orbitals b. Now bend the carbene to a bond angle of about 120°. How does this change your MO diagram? Draw pictures of all 6 orbitals. c. Now bring two of these carbene molecules together to make ethylene. Draw pictures of all 12 orbitals.
Solve for the delocalization and overall electronic energy for C4H4 (considering a single p orbital on each carbon) ? How does this compare to benzene?
does this compound contain an sp2-hybridized carbon atom?