Referring to the figure shown, the movement of glucose is from the lumen of the duodenum through an interstitial cell, out to the extracellular fluid, and into a capillary.What would happen if the action of the Na+–K+ pumps was reduced?A)The rate of flow of glucose into the interstitial cells would be increased.B)The direction of flow of glucose would be reversed.C)The rate of flow of glucose into the interstitial cells would be reduced.D)Nothing would differ: the movement of glucose would be the same as before the reversal. Lumen ofsmall intestine- GlucoseNatGlucose enters anintestinal cell alongwith Nat driven bythe Nat concentra-tion differencebetween the lumenof the intestine andthe cytoplasm ofthe cell.Nat-glucoseco-transporterCytoplasm ofintestinal cell-K+00Nat concentrationis kept low insidethe cell by theaction of theNa*-K* pump.GlucosetransportproteinNat-K+АТPaseGlucose exitsthe intestinalcell passivelyby a glucosetransportprotein.BloodvesselNaGlucose

Pumps are also known as transporters. They are the transmembrane protein, which allows the passage…

Referring to the figure shown, the movement of glucose is from the lumen of the duodenum through an interstitial cell, out to the extracellular fluid, and into a capillary. What would happen if the action of the Na+–K+ pumps was reduced? A)The rate of flow of glucose into the interstitial cells would be increased. B)The direction of flow of glucose would be reversed. C)The rate of flow of glucose into the interstitial cells would be reduced. D)Nothing would differ: the movement of glucose would be the same as before the reversal

Referring to the figure shown, the movement of glucose is from the lumen of the duodenum through an interstitial cell, out to the extracellular fluid, and into a capillary. What would happen if the action of the Na+–K+ pumps was reduced? A)The rate of flow of glucose into the interstitial cells would be increased. B)The direction of flow of glucose would be reversed. C)The rate of flow of glucose into the interstitial cells would be reduced. D)Nothing would differ: the movement of glucose would be the same as before the reversal

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter3: The Plasma Membrane And Membrane Potential

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1ACR: When William H. was helping victims after a devastating earthquake in a region not prepared to...

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When William H. was helping victims after a devastating earthquake in a region not prepared to swiftly set up adequate temporary shelter, he developed severe diarrhea. He was diagnosed as having cholera, a disease transmitted through unsanitary water supplies contaminated by fecal material from infected indiv iduals. The toxin produced by cholera bacteria causes Cl- channels in the lurninal membranes of the intestinal cells to stay open, thereby increasing the secretion of Cl- from the cells into the intestinal tract lumen. By what mechanisms would Na+ and water be secreted into the lumen in conjunction with Cl- secretion? How does this secretory response account for the severe diarrhea that is characteristic of cholera?
The smooth muscle cells are arranged in two different ways in intestinal wall. Explain the significance of two different arrangements of smooth muscle cells in intestinal wall i.e. how these arrangements relate to the function.
. Please describe the transportation of glucose after a meal when glucose is plentifuloutside cells? How is the transport protein that would transport glucose called? Whatwould be the direction of transportation? Would it be active or passive transport? Whatwould be driving force for the glucose transport: chemical gradient or electrochemicalgradient?
The cell membranes of mammalian red blood cells are permeableto urea. If red blood cells are dropped into a solution of urea thatis identical in osmotic pressure (isosmotic) to the cytoplasm ofthe cells, although the cells do not swell and burst as quickly aswhen they are dropped simply into pure water, they eventuallyswell and burst. Explain. Also discuss how you would designa solution into which red cells could be placed without everswelling. (Hint: Think about whether urea will stay on theoutside of the cells and the implications for osmotic pressures.)
Coming from the acid pHof the stomach which pH leveldoes the chyme find when itenters the duodenum? Why isit necessary to maintain thatpH level in the small intestine?What are the organsresponsible for that pH leveland how is it kept?
Ion transporters are “linked” together—not physi-cally, but as a consequence of their actions. For example,cells can raise their intracellular pH, when it becomes tooacidic, by exchanging external Na+ for internal H+, usinga Na+–H+ antiporter. The change in internal Na+ is thenredressed using the Na+-K+ pump.A. Can these two transporters, operating together,normalize both the H+ and the Na+ concentrations insidethe cell?B. Does the linked action of these two pumps causeimbalances in either the K+ concentration or the mem-brane potential? Why or why not?
Movement of glucose from one side to the other side of the intestinal epithelium is a major example of transcellular transport. How does the Na+/K+ ATPase power the process? Why are tight junctions essential for the process? Why is localization of the transporters specifically in the apicalor basolateral membrane crucial for transcellular transport? Rehydration supplements such as sport drinks include a sugar and a salt. Why are both important to rehydration?
The amino acid sequence Leu-His-Arg-Leu-Asp-Ala-Gln-SerLys-Leu-Ser-Ser is a signal sequence that directs proteinstowards the endoplasmic reticulum, say if it is true or false if it is false justify it.
In which of the following processes does theentropy increase? In each case, explain why it does or does notincrease.(a) A bottle of ammonia is opened. The odor of ammonia is soonapparent throughout the room.(b) Sodium chloride dissolves in water.(c) A protein is completely hydrolyzed to the component aminoacids.
Which statements are true? Explain why or why not.1 Transport by transporters can be either active orpassive, whereas transport by channels is always passive.2 Transporters saturate at high concentrations ofthe transported molecule when all their binding sites areoccupied; channels, on the other hand, do not bind theions they transport and thus the flux of ions through achannel does not saturate.3 The membrane potential arises from movementsof charge that leave ion concentrations practically unaf-fected, causing only a very slight discrepancy in the num-ber of positive and negative ions on the two sides of themembrane.
What characteristic of the plasma membrane allows for themovement of the G protein complex toward and away fromthe receptor protein?
If a mutation in a sodium channel in an Intestinal epithelial cell caused a marked decrease In the concentration gradient of sodium across the plasma membrane, which of the following would you expect to observe? a decrease in Na/K ATPase activity. an increase in the movement of glucose across the basolateral membrane to the extracellular space an increase in sodium/glucose co-transport into the cell across the apical membrane a decrease in cytoplasmic glucose concentration