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- 8.15 A mercury bath at is to be heated by immersing cylindrical electric heating rods, each 20 cm tall and 2 cm in diameter. Calculate the maximum electric power rating of a typical rod if its maximum surface temperature is .According to an Atomic Energy Commissionreport, a hydrogen bomb can be approximated as a large fireball at a temperature of 7200 K. You are to assess theimpact if such a bomb exploded 5 km above a city. Assumethe diameter of the fireball to be 1 km, and the blast to last15 s. Investigate the level of radiation energy people, plants,and houses will be exposed to and how adversely they will beaffected by the blast.Consider a person standing in a room maintained at20°C at all times. The inner surfaces of the walls, floors, andceiling of the house are observed to be at an average temperature of 12°C in winter and 23°C in summer. Determine therates of radiation heat transfer between this person and the surroundingsurfaces in both summer and winter if the exposedsurface area, emissivity, and the average outer surface temperatureof the person are 1.6 m2, 0.95, and 32°C, respectively.
- as a researcher in the field of heat transfer explain how you will distinguish between radiation by black body and a real body14. A 39-cm diameter sphere at a constant uniform temperature of 84°C is inside a room at a room temperature of 31°C. If the surface emissivity of the sphere is 0.87, what is the radiation heat transfer from the sphere to the room? Express your answer in W.A 2-m-internal-diameter double-walled spherical tank is used to store iced water at 0°C. Each wall is 0.5 cm thick, and the 1.5-cm-thick air space between the two walls of the tank is evacuated in order to minimize heat transfer. The surfaces surrounding the evacuated space are polished so that each surface has an emissivity of 0.15. The temperature of the outer wall of the tank is measured to be 20°C. Assuming the inner wall of the steel tank to be at 0°C, determine (a) the rate of heat transfer to the iced water in the tank and (b) the amount of ice at 0°C that melts during a 24-h period.
- Two concentric spheres of diameters D1 = 15 cm and D2 = 25 cm are separated by air at 1 atm pressure. The surface temperatures of the two spheres enclosing the air are T1 = 350 K and T2 = 275 K, respectively, and their emissivities are 0.75. Determine the rate of heat transfer from the inner sphere to the outer sphere by (a) natural convection and (b) radiation.A concentric cylinder with outer and inner radii of 8 cm and 6 cm, respectively, has length of 1 mwith emissivities of the inner and outer radii at 0.4 and 0.6, respectively. Determine the heattransfer from the outer cylinder to the inner cylinder if the inner and outer temperatures are400K and 600K, respectively.Explain the following terms related to the radiation mode of heat transfer: Black body, emissive power, monochromatic emissive power, gray body, white body and opaque body.
- Determine the net heat transferred by radiation from a 9-ft square hot plate to a cold plate of equal size that are parallel to one another, and 20 ft apart if the hot plate is oxidized steel at 700°F and the cold plate is dull brass at 175°F.Ans: 2,863 Btu/hrA hot liquid is filled in a spherical tank with an inner diameter of 3 m and a wall thickness of 3 cm. The tank wall is made of a material with a thermal conductivity of 0.15 W/m∙K.The hot liquid in the tank causes the inner surface temperature to be 100°C, while the tank outer surface is exposed to air at 20°C and has an emissivity of 0.35. Determine the outer surface temperature of the tank. Assume that the properties of air can be evaluated at 40°C and 1 atm pressure. Is this a good assumption?Two large plates are maintained at a temperature of 910 K and 500 K respectively. Each plate has area of 100cm^2. Compare the net heat exchange between the plates for the following cases. a. Both plates are black b. Plates have an emissivity of 0.5