Review Conceptual Example 4 as background for this problem. A man in a boat is looking straight down at a fish in the water (n = 1.333) directly beneath him. The fish is looking straight up at the man. They are equidistant from the air/water interface. To the man, the fish appears to be 2.1 m beneath his eyes. To the fish, how far above its eyes does the man appear to be? Number i Units

Review Conceptual Example 4 as background for this problem. A man in a boat is looking straight down at a fish in the water (n = 1.333) directly beneath him. The fish is looking straight up at the man. They are equidistant from the air/water interface. To the man, the fish appears to be 2.1 m beneath his eyes. To the fish, how far above its eyes does the man appear to be? Number i Units

Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations and Connections

1st Edition

ISBN:9781133939146

Author:Katz, Debora M.

Publisher:Katz, Debora M.

Chapter38: Refraction And Images Formed By Refraction

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 40PQ

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Figure P23.28 shows a curved surface separating a material with index of refraction n1 from a material with index n2. The surface forms an image I of object O. The ray shown in red passes through the surface along a radial line. Its angles of incidence and refraction are both zero, so its direction does not change at the surface. For the ray shown in blue, the direction changes according to n1 sin 1 = n2 sin 2. For paraxial rays, we assume 1 and 2 are small, so we may write n1 tan 1 n2 tan 2. The magnification is defined as M = h/h. Prove that the magnification is given by M = n1q/n2p. Figure P23.28
Two rays travelling parallel to the principal axis strike a large plano-convex lens having a refractive index of 1.60 (Fig. P23.54). If the convex face is spherical, a ray near the edge does not pass through the local point (spherical aberration occurs). Assume this face has a radius of curvature of R = 20.0 cm and the two rays are at distances h1 = 0.500 cm and h2 = 12.0 cm from the principal axis. Find the difference x in the position where each crosses the principal axis. Figure P23.54
Two rays travelling parallel to the principal axis strike a large plano-convex lens having a refractive index of 1.60 (Fig. P23.54). If the convex face is spherical, a ray near the edge does not pass through the local point (spherical aberration occurs). Assume this face has a radius of curvature of R = 20.0 cm and the two rays are at distances h1 = 0.500 cm and h2 = 12.0 cm from the principal axis. Find the difference x in the position where each crosses the principal axis. Figure P23.54
Figure P23.28 shows a curved surface separating a material with index of refraction n1 from a material with index n2. The surface forms an image I of object O. The ray shown in red passes through the surface along a radial line. Its angles of incidence and refraction are both zero, so its direction does not change at the surface. For the ray shown in blue, the direction changes according to n1 sin 1 = n2 sin 2. For paraxial rays, we assume 1 and 2 are small, so we may write n1 tan 1 n2 tan 2. The magnification is defined as M = h/h. Prove that the magnification is given by M = n1q/n2p. Figure P23.28
A person looking into an empty container is able to see the far edge of the containers bottom, as shown in Figure P22.23a. The height of the container is h, and its width is d. When the container is completely filled with a fluid of index of refraction n and viewed from the same angle, the person can see the center of a coin at the middle of the containers bottom, as shown in Figure P22.23b. (a) Show that the ratio h/d is given by hd=n214n2 (b) Assuming the container has a width of 8.00 cm and is filled with water, use the expression above to find the height of the container.
Light is incident on a prism as shown in Figure P38.31. The prism, an equilateral triangle, is made of plastic with an index of refraction of 1.46 for red light and 1.49 for blue light. Assume the apex angle of the prism is 60.00. a. Sketch the approximate paths of the rays for red and blue light as they travel through and then exit the prism. b. Determine the measure of dispersion, the angle between the red and blue rays that exit the prism. Figure P38.31
Two converging lenses having focal length of f1 = 10.0 cm and f2 = 20.0 cm are placed d = 50.0 cm apart, as shown in Figure P23.44. The final image is to be located between the lenses, at the position x = 31.0 cm indicated. (a) How far to the left of the first lens should the object be positioned? (b) What is the overall magnification of the system? (c) Is the final image uptight or inserted? Figure P23.44
When a man stands near the edge of an empty drainage ditch ofdepth 2.80 m, he can barely see the boundary between the oppositewall and bottom of the ditch as in Figure P22.47a. The distancefrom his eyes to the ground is 1.85 m. (a) What is the horizontaldistance d from the man to the edge of the drainage ditch?(b) After the drainage ditch is filled with water as in FigureP22.47b, what is the maximum distance x the man can standfrom the edge and still see the same boundary?
A fish is 1.2 m beneath the surface of a still pond of water. At what maximum angle can the fish look toward the surface (measured with respect to the normal to the surface) in order to see a fisherman sitting on a distant bank? (for water, n = 1.333)
Nemo swims 13m deep into the sea (n = 1.38). What is the apparent depth of nemo as seen by Darla in air (n = 1)?
A transparent sphere of radius 10m is filled with air (n air=1.00) and then submerged underwater (n water=1.33). While you observe from the inside of the sphere, a fish appears to be 1.00m away from the sphere's surface. Ignoring any optical effect due to the material used in the sphere, what is the actual distance of the fish from the surface of the sphere for an observer in the water?