rustration over US pharmaceutical pricing has led researchers to develop frameworks for evaluation that can be used by any purchaser or patient making complex drug choices. One of the most prominent, the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review, uses clinical trial data and compares value -- per quality adjusted life year (QALY) -- under actual market pricing and other possible references prices for specific drugs. Do you think $/QALY is an appropriate metric for evaluating the value of new drugs?

rustration over US pharmaceutical pricing has led researchers to develop frameworks for evaluation that can be used by any purchaser or patient making complex drug choices. One of the most prominent, the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review, uses clinical trial data and compares value -- per quality adjusted life year (QALY) -- under actual market pricing and other possible references prices for specific drugs. Do you think $/QALY is an appropriate metric for evaluating the value of new drugs?

Microeconomic Theory

12th Edition

ISBN:9781337517942

Author:NICHOLSON

Publisher:NICHOLSON

Chapter18: Asymmetric Information

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 18.9P

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

The fact that most medical care purchases are financed through insurance: a. has no effect on health care consumption because aggregate costs are the same regardless of payment method. b. reduces the amount of health care consumed by raising the price of additional units of care. c.has decreased health care costs and therefore reduced aggregate health care expenditures. d. increases the amount of health care consumed by reducing the price of additional units of care.
Which of the following would encourage consumers to economize on health care expenditures and producers to supply health care services more efficiently? Group of answer choices Decreased reliance on the purchase of catastrophic health insurance coverage and greater reliance on insurance with first-dollar coverage and small co-payments. An increase in the share of health care costs paid for by the consumer either directly or from a health savings account. Decreased reliance on personal health savings accounts and health care expenditures from the accounts. The establishment of a national health care system that would provide health care services to people free of charge.
The president-elect of healthystate appointed you on top of a health transition team and requested a new health policy that will ensure equity, liberty, and minimize the cost of implementing it. In addition, the president-elect wants to minimize the role of the government under the new policy. With Moral hazard and adverse selection problems being the major challenges to any policy, design a plan that provides equity to the public, eliminate adverse selection problem, and combat moral hazard. In addition, identify parties that would be tasked with the implementation of the policy while minimizing the role of the government in the process.
The Orphan Drug Act of 1983 provides tax incentives, patent protection, and research subsidies to firms for drugs, vaccines, and diagnostic agents if they are intended to treat a disease that affects less than 200,000 citizens. Explain how the Orphan Drug Act would affect drug development. Can you think of any tradeoffs from the act?
Indicate whether the statement is true or false, and justify your answer.The fact that practicing surgeons who have finished residency earn more than practicing pediatricians implies that the rate of return of choosing surgery exceeds the rate of return of choosing pediatrics for a medical school graduate.
Which of the following statements is false? Significant increase in healthcare spending over the past seventy years can in part be explained by the increase in the cost of labor-intensive services. increase in the overall level of medical care prices. increase in intensity and quality of care. increase in the share of the healthcare costs spent on manufactured goods such as drugs. population growth
In some countries, such as Canada and UK, direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertising for pharmaceutical products is illegal or tightly controlled. Which of the following is NOT a reason why DTC is tightly controlled? Question 7 options: Asymmetric information: consumers are not in a good position to determine if a drug is what they need. DTC makes patients aware of new remedies. DTC can put a strain on doctor-patient relationship when patients demand some drugs that are not necessary or not the best options. DTC have the potential to drive up spending on drugs and exacerbate moral hazard.
Which statement about the individual health insurance market in the U.S. is correct? Question options: 1) Among the non-elderly with private health insurance, about one-third now purchase it in the individual market 2) Individual market enrollment increased with implementation of the Affordable Care Act in 2014, but it has declined in every year since 3) According to data from the Kaiser Family Foundation, On-Exchange enrollment has been roughly constant (varied by less than 1 million) since 2015 4) According to data from the Kaiser Family Foundation, Off-Exchange enrollment has grown relative to On-Exchange since 2015
Suppose you have two persons, one with more elastic demand for medical care than the other. If they both obtain identical health insurance coverage (or both have their % of costs paid by insurance increased), whose demand will be affected most? Given what you know about relative demand for MC for well vs. ill individuals, more educated vs. less educated persons, and wealthy vs. less wealthy individuals, which of each pair will have the greatest increase in demand under health insurance?
Demand studies in health care have provided estimates of both income and price elasticity. Estimates of income elasticity are usually above +1.0. Estimates of price elasticity typically range between -0.1 and -.75 (with hospital services at the lower end and elective services at the upper end). What information do these estimates convey? What does the price elasticity of demand estimates imply for government policymakers, insurance companies, and medical providers' decisions? What does the income elasticity of demand estimates imply for government policymakers, insurance companies, and medical providers' decisions?
There is a telling joke about two economists walking down the street. They spot a $20 bill on the sidewalk. One stoops to pick it up, but the other one says, “Don’t bother; if the bill was real, someone would have picked it up already.” The lesson is clear. A strong belief in efficient markets can disable the investor and make it appear that no research effort can be justified. Do you think there are still enough anomalies in the empirical evidence to justify the search for overpriced/underpricedsecurities? Support your answer with examples and new theories in the context of Efficient Market Hypothesis.
Suppose we allocate a fixed budget for tuberculosis screening between two alternatives: screening the population generally, which has a marginal cost per test of MCG and a marginal benefit of MBG additional cases detected per test, and screening in homeless shelters, with a corresponding MCS and MBS. Assume it is currently true that MBG/MCG < MBS/MCS. Understanding that MB decreases (increases) as quantity increases (decreases) and the reverse is true for MC, we can conclude that: a. too much screening is being done at homeless shelters relative to general screening. b. too much general screening is being done relative to screening at homeless shelters. c. the price of screening in homeless shelters is too high. d. the allocation is already optimal if there is a fixed budget because we can’t equate the ratios of marginal benefit and marginal cost. e. we can only make the allocation optimal if the prices can be changed