Sally believes that any market basket on the income-consumption curve shares the same marginal rate of substitution. Do you agree with Sally? Why?
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- Discuss the possible substitution effect and the income effect of an increase in income on leisure time.Economist George Stigler once wrote that, according to consumer theory, “ifconsumers do not buy less of a commodity when their incomes rise, they will surelybuy less when the price of the commodity rises.” Explain this statement using theconcepts of income and substitution effectWhat is the budget line for consumption (C) and leisure (L) if a person faces a constant wage of $12 per hour, there are 110 hours in the week to work, and she receives nonlabor income of $300 per week?
- With the substitution effect an individual will substitute their time between leisure and work, choosing to work more and take less leisure when wages ______________Assume that a person earns $10 per hour and her non-labor income increases from $100 to$200. She also has 110 hours a week to decide either to work or leisure. a. Draw a budget constraint of this person.b. Draw an indifference curve to show the income and substitution effect of change innon-labor income. HINT: you can draw two separate graphs to show the effect ofsubstitution and income effects.Suppose a person can work up to 80 hours per week at a pre-tax wage of $20 per hour but faces a constant 20% payroll tax. Assume that under these conditions the person maximizes utility by choosing to work 50 hours each week. The government proposes a negative income tax so that everyone receives $300 per week regardless of how much they work. To pay for the negative income tax, the payroll tax would be increased to 50%. Using the labor-leisure model, graphically show whether a person would be better off if the negative income tax is adopted and indicate whether hours worked increases or decreases due to the policy.
- Suppose that a decrease in solar panel prices leads to an increase in a consumer’s demand for solar panels. How could you decompose the increase in demand into an income and substitution effect?What is meant by relative deprivation theory?Suppose there are two goods, co ee (C) and tea (T). The consump-tion set is R2+, so both goods can be consumed in arbitrary non-negativequantities.Abdul owns 2000 grams of co ee but does not own any tea. He hasno other wealth. The price of co ee is pC = 2 (in Dhs per gram) andthe price of tea is pT > 0 (in Dhs per gram). Abdul can sell co ee toearn income, which he can then use to buy tea or co ee. He can alsothrow co ee away (at no cost).Abdul's preferences can be represented by the utility functionu(c; t) = -(800 - c)2 - (800 - t)2;where c is the quantity of co ee (in grams) and t is the quantity of tea(in grams).(a) In separate diagrams, illustrate (i) the map of Abdul's indi erencecurves, (ii) Abdul's constraint set.(b) How much co ee and tea does Abdul decide to consume when (i)pT = 2, (ii) pT = 3, and (iii) pT = 4?(c) Illustrate Abdul's demand for co ee as a function of the price of tea (pT > 0) in an appropriate diagram.
- Asap The marginal rate of substitution is the slope of an indifference curve. True False.A worker views leisure and income as “goods” and has an opportunity to work at an hourly wage of $15 per hour. a. Illustrate the worker’s opportunity set in a given 24-hour period. b. Suppose the worker is always willing to give up $11 of income for each hour of leisure. Do her preferences exhibit a diminishing marginal rate of substitution? How many hours per day will she choose to work?Labor-Leisure choice. Uses 80 hour maximum work week. Utility = R3C2 R = leisure C = dollar amount of income for consumption Budget Line 1: Wage = $16 per hour. No other income. Draw the Labor-Leisure diagram, including the budget line. Solve the point of optimization, and label it point A. Draw the indifference curve. Label it U1 Budget Line 2: Wage = $22 per hour. No other income. Draw the budget line for this new $22 wage. Solve the point of optimization, and label it point B. Draw the indifference curve. Label it U3 Use an auxiliary budget line to separate the income effect from the substitution effect. Identify the substitution effect as point S. Draw the indifference curve. Label it U2 The point of optimization for part C can be labeled, rather than numerically solved, as long as the drawn answers show expected results for two normal goods.