Section A1: No collateral 1. The borrower Suppose the borrower takes a loan of $200 from the bank. Suppose that the interest rate charged on the loan is i (we'll find i later). a. What is her ex post income yfail if she fails? NOTE: I'm asking for realized income, NOT utility! b. What is her ex post income ysucceed if she succeeds? (hint: this will be a function of the interest i).
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- Adam is considering what skills to study in online school. Her utility function is based on the income she earns, and is defined by U(I) = I0.8. If she learns the skill of SPSS, she will earn $145,000 per year with probability 1. If she learns the skill of Tableau, she will earn $300,000 per year with probability 0.6 (assuming that she gets the certificate) and $30,000 with probability 0.4 (if she learns without earning a certificate and she has to find a waiter job). a. Is she risk averse, risk neutral, or risk loving? Explain.b. Write out the equation for her expected utility for each skill. c.Which skill will she learn? Show your work. d.Suppose someone offers her insurance for the possibility that she does not get a Tableau certificate. This insurance will provide her an amount of income in addition to the waiter job wages that makes her indifferent between learning SPSS and Tableau. What is this amount, and what is the cost of the insurance? (note: many possible answers)Suppose that the consumer is asked to contemplate a gamble with a probability of 60% of winning Birr 10,000 with a utility of 10 utils, and a 40% probability of winning Birr 15,000 with a utility of 12 utils. A. What will be the expected income and expected utility of the consumer? B. If the utility of this consumer from a risk free alternative which gives him an income equal to the expected income of the risky alternative given above is equal to 11 utils, is this consumer risk lover or risk averse? Why? Illustrate your answer with the help of a diagramMillicent’s utility function is U(w) = W0.5 , where W is her wealth. She owns a “pure water” producing firm that will be worth GH100 or 0 Ghana cedis next year with equal probability. a. Suppose her firm is the only asset she has. What is the lowest price at which she will agree to sell her pure water? (Hint: price=amount that will give her the same expected utility) b. Assume that she has GH200 safely stored under her mattress, find the new lowest price at which she will agree to sell her “pure water” producing firm c. From your answers in parts (a) and (b), what is the relationship between her wealth and her degree of risk aversion?
- A risk-averse consumer with $100,000 in wealth faces 0.1 probability of losing half of his wealth within the next year. a. What is the consumer's expected wealth one year from now? b. An insurance company offers our consumer full insurance against the possible loss. What premium must the consumer be charged for the insurance company to expect to break even? c. Suppose our risk-averse consumer is indifferent between getting $85,000 wealth with certainty and facing the above described uncertain situation. What is the maximum premium that the insurance company will be able to charge this consumer for its full insurance policy?Your uncle offers you a "sure-fire" investment opportunity. All you have to do is invest $2000 and you will get a guaranteed return of $2063 in 6 months' time. Your alternative is to place your money in a bank account paying 6% p.a. Assuming both alternatives are truly risk-free, would you undertake this investment? Why/why not? Select one: a. Yes, because the investment will generate a return of 6.3%, whereas the bank is only offering 3% for the period of the investment. b. No, because the investment will only generate a return of 3.15%, whereas the bank is offering 6%. c. Yes, because the investment will generate a return of 6.3%, whereas the bank is only offering 6%. d. You would be indifferent between accepting and not accepting the investment opportunity, because the return from the investment is the same as the return from putting money in the bank.An investor with capital x can invest any amount between0 and x; if y is invested then y is eitherwon or lost, with respectiveprobabilities p and 1− p. If p > 1/2, how much should be invested byan investor having a exponential utility function u(x) = 1 − e −bx ,b > 0.
- Exercise 3: Risky Investment Charlie has von Neumann-Morgenstern utility function u(x) = ln x and has wealth W = 250, 000. She is offered the opportunity to purchase a risky project for price P = 160, 000. 1 1 With probability p = 2 the project will be a success and return V > 160, 000. With probability 1 −p = 2 the project will fail and be worthless (i.e. it returns 0). For simplicity assume there is no interest between the time of the investment and the time of its return, that is r = 0 . How large must V be in order for Charlie to want to purchase the risky project? [Hint: What is Charlie’s expected utility is she does not purchase the project? What is Charlie’s expected utility is she purchases the project?]Farmer Brown faces a 25% chance of there being a year with prolonged drought, with zero yields and zero profit, and he faces a 75% chance of a normal year, with good yields and $100,000 profit. These probabilities are well-known. Suppose that an insurance company offered a drought insurance policy that pays the farmer $80,000 if a prolonged drought occurs. Assume that the farmer’s utility function is u(c) = ln(c). He has initial wealth of $25,000. a Let Y be the expected amount of money that the insurance company will pay Farmer Brown, in the case that Farmer Brown is insured. Compute Y. b. Let X be the most amount of money X Farmer Brown is willing to pay for the insurance. Set up the equation that defines X. Either carefully explain in words what your equation says or put short captions explaining the different parts of your equation. c Determine X to the nearest dollar. d What is the economic intuition on why X > Y?A manager is deciding whether to build a small or a large facility. Much depends on the future demand that thefacility must serve, and demand may be small or large. The manager knows with certainty the payoffs that willresult under each alternative, shown in the following payoff table. The payoffs (in $000) are the present values offuture revenues minus costs for each alternative in each event.What is the best choice if future demand will be low?
- Assume that Rosemarie has the following utility function: U(W) = W1/2. She is selling her homeand believes that the house will sell for $250,000 with probability ¼ and $122,500 withprobability ¾.a. What is her expected utility?b. What is the risk premium (P) Rosemarie would pay to avoid bearing this risk?A person has an expected utility function of the form u(w) = w0.5 . He initially has wealth of $4. He has a lottery ticket that will be worth $12 with probability 1/2 and will be worth $0 with probability 1/2. What is his expected utility? What is the lowest price p at which he would part with the ticket?Eunice, the industry analyst of H&M, wants to determine the propensity of Major Clothingcompanies toward risk. She was able to determine the utility distribution of H&M, Uniqloand Dickies. For H&M, If the expected payoff of a venture is a loss of 125,000, the utilityvalue is 0.00, if a loss of 75,000, the utility value is .2, if breakeven, the utility value is .5,if gain of 75,000 .8 and if gain of 125,000 utility value is 1. For Uniqlo, if loss of 125,000utility value is 0, if loss of 75,000 utility value is .1, breakeven is .4, if a gain of 75,000,utility value is .7 and if gain of 125,000 utility value is 1. For Dickies, if loss of 125,000,utility value is 0, if loss of 75,000, utility value is .3 breakeven is .6, if gain of 75,000, utilityvalue is .9 and gain of 125,000, utility value is 1. What is the propensity to risk of the threeinternet companies? Explain your graph.