Select all that are true regarding the rhizosphere and rhizobacteria.

a.

the rhizosphere is the metabolically active zone about 2 mm around plant roots in the soil

b.

Nitrogen gas is not usable for most organisms

c.

rhizobacteria partner with the crucifer (cabbage) family

d.

rhizobacteria provide plants with increased access to water and minerals

e.

plants provide rhizobacteria with carbohydrates and shelter

f.

the initial interaction between plants and rhizobacteria occurs when the plants release NOD factors into the soil

g.

the nitrogen fixing form of rhizobia is called a bacteroid

h.

the interaction between rhizobia and plant roots is the basis for using green manure in agriculture

When comparing rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhizae...(select all that apply)

a.

both mycorrhizae and rhizobia cross the plant's cell wall and membrane

b.

rhizobia are bacteria, arbuscular mycorrhizae are fungi

c.

both rhizobia and mycorrhizae manipulate the plant host's gene expression and growth

d.

rhizobia and mycorrhizae are examples of parasitism

e.

plants partnering with mycorrhizae secrete flavonoids to attract the fungi to the roots

f.

arbuscular mycorrhizae are part of the zygomycete grou

2 When comparing rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhizae...(select all that apply)

a.

both mycorrhizae and rhizobia cross the plant's cell wall and membrane

b.

rhizobia are bacteria, arbuscular mycorrhizae are fungi

c.

both rhizobia and mycorrhizae manipulate the plant host's gene expression and growth

d.

rhizobia and mycorrhizae are examples of parasitism

e.

plants partnering with mycorrhizae secrete flavonoids to attract the fungi to the roots

f.

arbuscular mycorrhizae are part of the zygomycete group

3. Select all that apply to root-associated fungi

a.

arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi cross the plant cell membrane, but not the cell wall

b.

80% of plants partner with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

c.

a concern with making commercially available mycorrhizal mixes is shelf life

d.

arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can protect plants from pathogens

e.

glomeromycota depend on the partnership with their plant host to complete their lifecycle

f.

arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi provide increased access to water and fix nitrogen

4. Select all that are true regarding soil

a.

the most abundant element of soil is inorganic mater

b.

plants passively acquire cations by using ATP to pump H+ into the soil

c.

soil plays key roles in water regulation and buffering of pollutants

d.

soil is an essential source of carbon for plants

e.

plants use H+ from photosynthesis to acquire cations

f.

anions are unbound in the soil and freely travel into plant roots with water

g.

cation exchange is required because cations are bound to negatively charged soil particles

h.

H+ works well for the cation exchange because it is a small molecule with a strong charge

5.

select all that apply to plant nutrition

a.

green manure can restore minerals to soil but is to expensive for farmers to use

b.

mineral deficiencies cause symptoms like chlorosis, a browning and death of plant tissue

c.

fertilizers typically contain nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus, which are macronutrients

d.

phosphorus is essential because it regulates stomatal opening and closing

e.

nitrogen is critical for the formation of nucleic acids and amino acids

f.

plants have essential mineral nutrients that they must get from their environment in order to grow

g.

crop rotation helps avoid the build up of pests and improves soil structure

h.

manure, fish, and compost are examples of inorganic fertilizer

i.

inorganic fertilizer is made from unsustainable resources

6. Select all statements that are true regarding crop production methods.

a.

the environmental impact quotient (EIQ) is used to the costs (environmental, human, other animals, etc) of using a pesticide

b.

GMO crops are not allowed in organic agriculture

c.

the EIQ is only used for non organic pesticides

d.

IPM works to improve farming by prevention of problems, observation throughout the season, and interventions specific to problems discovered.

e.

Organically grown foods have been scientifically show to be more nutritious than non-organic foods

f.

the ideals and ethics of organic agriculture don't always match the legalities and practice

g.

the BT pesticide (not GMO crop) is acceptable in organic agriculture

h.

farmers spray as many pesticides as possible

Question

Select all that are true regarding the rhizosphere and rhizobacteria.

a.

the rhizosphere is the metabolically active zone about 2 mm around plant roots in the soil

b.

Nitrogen gas is not usable for most organisms

c.

rhizobacteria partner with the crucifer (cabbage) family

d.

rhizobacteria provide plants with increased access to water and minerals

e.

plants provide rhizobacteria with carbohydrates and shelter

f.

the initial interaction between plants and rhizobacteria occurs when the plants release NOD factors into the soil

g.

the nitrogen fixing form of rhizobia is called a bacteroid

h.

the interaction between rhizobia and plant roots is the basis for using green manure in agriculture

When comparing rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhizae...(select all that apply)

	a.	both mycorrhizae and rhizobia cross the plant's cell wall and membrane
	b.	rhizobia are bacteria, arbuscular mycorrhizae are fungi
	c.	both rhizobia and mycorrhizae manipulate the plant host's gene expression and growth
	d.	rhizobia and mycorrhizae are examples of parasitism
	e.	plants partnering with mycorrhizae secrete flavonoids to attract the fungi to the roots
	f.	arbuscular mycorrhizae are part of the zygomycete grou

2 When comparing rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhizae...(select all that apply)

	a.	both mycorrhizae and rhizobia cross the plant's cell wall and membrane
	b.	rhizobia are bacteria, arbuscular mycorrhizae are fungi
	c.	both rhizobia and mycorrhizae manipulate the plant host's gene expression and growth
	d.	rhizobia and mycorrhizae are examples of parasitism
	e.	plants partnering with mycorrhizae secrete flavonoids to attract the fungi to the roots
	f.	arbuscular mycorrhizae are part of the zygomycete group

3. Select all that apply to root-associated fungi

	a.	arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi cross the plant cell membrane, but not the cell wall
	b.	80% of plants partner with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
	c.	a concern with making commercially available mycorrhizal mixes is shelf life
	d.	arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can protect plants from pathogens
	e.	glomeromycota depend on the partnership with their plant host to complete their lifecycle
	f.	arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi provide increased access to water and fix nitrogen

4. Select all that are true regarding soil

	a.	the most abundant element of soil is inorganic mater
	b.	plants passively acquire cations by using ATP to pump H+ into the soil
	c.	soil plays key roles in water regulation and buffering of pollutants
	d.	soil is an essential source of carbon for plants
	e.	plants use H+ from photosynthesis to acquire cations
	f.	anions are unbound in the soil and freely travel into plant roots with water
	g.	cation exchange is required because cations are bound to negatively charged soil particles
	h.	H+ works well for the cation exchange because it is a small molecule with a strong charge

5.

select all that apply to plant nutrition

	a.	green manure can restore minerals to soil but is to expensive for farmers to use
	b.	mineral deficiencies cause symptoms like chlorosis, a browning and death of plant tissue
	c.	fertilizers typically contain nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus, which are macronutrients
	d.	phosphorus is essential because it regulates stomatal opening and closing
	e.	nitrogen is critical for the formation of nucleic acids and amino acids
	f.	plants have essential mineral nutrients that they must get from their environment in order to grow
	g.	crop rotation helps avoid the build up of pests and improves soil structure
	h.	manure, fish, and compost are examples of inorganic fertilizer
	i.	inorganic fertilizer is made from unsustainable resources

6. Select all statements that are true regarding crop production methods.

	a.	the environmental impact quotient (EIQ) is used to the costs (environmental, human, other animals, etc) of using a pesticide
	b.	GMO crops are not allowed in organic agriculture
	c.	the EIQ is only used for non organic pesticides
	d.	IPM works to improve farming by prevention of problems, observation throughout the season, and interventions specific to problems discovered.
	e.	Organically grown foods have been scientifically show to be more nutritious than non-organic foods
	f.	the ideals and ethics of organic agriculture don't always match the legalities and practice
	g.	the BT pesticide (not GMO crop) is acceptable in organic agriculture
	h.	farmers spray as many pesticides as possible

Accepted Answer

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