"Smoking is not harmful. My Aunt Harriet smoked, but lived to age 90." This best illustrates which fallacy is not illustrated, A. Unconscious bias. B. Post hoc reasoning. C. Small sample generalization.

Q: A statistical procedure in determining which hypothesis is more acceptable as true or which…

A: HERE USE basic  hypothesis testing

Q: What are the sample space of the experiment?

A: Here use definition of sample space

Q: What is hypothesis testing?

A: Hypothesis test: The process of making inference regarding the population based on the sample is…

Q: what is atypical sample

A: Atypical sample means something Unusual

Q: Explain the logic of hypothesis testing, including the concepts of the null hypothesis, the sampling…

A:

Q: Explain the Difference between the sample space and random variables?

A: Sample space: The sample space is the collection of all outcomes, if a random experiment is…

Q: Explain the basic idea for performing a hypothesis test, based on independent samples, to compare…

A:

Q: For a repeated measures study, if the null hypothesis is true, then what value should be obtained…

A: According to the provided information, the null hypothesis is true

Q: Provide a scenario of your own in which a sample is not representative.

A: A representative sample can be defined as a sample taken from a population which represents all the…

Q: Briefly explain the use of sampling distribution of sample statistic in hypothesis testing.

A: Use of sampling distribution (SD) of sample statistic (SS) in hypothesis testing

Q: Explain why the P-value of a hypothesis test is also referred to as the observed significance level.

A: In this case, one is needed to explain the reason for referring the P-value as the observed…

Q: What are the requirements of testing a claim about a population proportion using a formal method of…

A: Note: Hey there! Thank you for the question. We have discussed the assumptions and conditions…

Q: Discuss what is the relationship between sample size and sampling error?

A:

Q: how can statistical procedures can help determine whether the data is attributable to chance…

A: Statistical approaches can be quite useful in identifying whether or not data is due to chance. To…

Q: What measure of central tendency is most appropriate to use if you want to know the passing score if…

A: Mean: It is an “arithmetic” mean. Mean is probably the most familiar average. The mean (of a set of…

Q: Explain in your own words: What is sampling error? What is a representative random sample?

A: we explain in the following.

Q: What is the size of our sample space if we roll a pair of six-sided dice once? Show your work and…

A:

Q: What are two reasons that some people in the field believe significance testing should be banned?…

A: Here we want to discuss reasons that some people in the field believe significance testing should be…

Q: What is a pooled sample test?

A: The two populations’ variables are normally distributed and the population standard deviation are…

Q: . What is the difference between sampling error and sampling bias? Which one is very concerning to…

A: Sampling error is defined as the deviation in the sample values with those of the population. This…

Q: What is the sample covariance?

A:

Q: Provide an original example of how one could use a one-sample t-test to evaluate the effectiveness…

A: example of how one could use a one sample t test to evaluate the effectiveness

Q: What is the sample space for an experiment?

A: An experiment is an activity which has observable values. The results obtained from the experiment…

Q: The process of random sampling guarantees that the sample selected will be representative of the…

A: Given: provided a statement

Q: use a sample to draw an inference about a population

A: The population is a set of all the possible observations about a specified characteristic of…

Q: Why doesn't it make sense to test the hypothesis that the sample mean is 42?

A: It is given that the hypothesis test is sample mean is 42.

Q: What does it mean when sample results are not statistically significant?

A: statistically significant: In principle, a statistically significant result (usually a difference)…

Q: What are the risks of sampling errors?

A: The errors involved in the collection, processing, and analysis of a data may be classified as:…

Q: Show the difference between two approaches to significance testing?

A: The two approaches to significance testing are p-value approach and critical value approach.

Q: Why do you need to know the sampling distribution of the difference between two sample means in…

A: In this case, we need to find the reason for identifying the sampling distribution of the difference…

Q: What happens to the power of a hypothesis test if the significance level is decreased without…

A: Solution: It is required to mention what happens to the power of a hypothesis test if the…

Q: What is the key role of the hypothesized sampling distribution in hypothesis test?

A: The sampling distribution is the distribution of the statistic. It gives all the possible outcomes…

Q: If you are running a hypothesis test and increase your sample size, what will happen to your Type I…

A: Higher sample makes higher power of test And smaller sample makes small the power of test

Q: Why is it wrong to say that sampling bias is unavoidable?

A: Bias is error. Sampling bias is due to taking a fraction of the population not the entire…

Q: Explain the concept of sampling distribution, standard errors, and statistical inference?

A: Infer means conclusions. Statistical inference draws conclusion about a given population or other…

Q: What is the mean of the sampling distribution of differences between means when the null hypothesis…

A: In case of difference between means the null hypothesis is that there is no difference between two…

Q: A fitness and wellness question in 2018 was asked from women over the age of 50 on how much water…

A: A fitness and wellness question in 2018 was asked from women over the age of 50 on how much water…

Q: what is Nonresponse bias?

A: Non response bias is also known as participation bias.

Q: What are examples of situations in independent sample t-test vs. Paired sample t-test between two…

A: There are two types of data, one is independent variable and another is dependent variable.…

Q: What statistical test is most appropriate for comparing the proportions of two categories of two…

A: Z-test for two sample proportion is most appropriate to compare the proportions of two categories of…

Q: To be tested, why does a hypothesis must specify a single number about which the hypothesized…

A: There are two types of hypotheses: one is the null hypothesis and the other is the alternative…

Q: How does an observed sample mean qualify as a rare outcome?

A:

Q: Explain how sample size can influence the outcome of a hypothesis test.

A: Lets take the example that we are doing Hypothesis test for one mean with sample size n : When the…

Q: what are the issues a decision maker should consider when determining the significance level to use…

A: The level of significance is also denoted as alpha (α) which can be defined as the probability of…

Q: The greater the p-value for a two-sample test of population means, the greater the evidence that…

A: Standard Decision Rule in hypothesis testing: If the p value is greater than level of significance,…

Q: If the null hypothesis is true, then what does the distribution of sample means?

A: Null Hypothesis: A hypothesis which is tested for plausible rejection is called the Null Hypothesis…

Q: Discuss the basic strategy for performing a hypothesis test to compare the means of two populations,…

A: In two sample t test, there are two independent large samples taken from two different populations.