Some bacteria produce the enzyme penicillinase,which breaks the beta-lactam ring in the penicillinmolecule and converts it into penicilloic acid, whichis harmless to bacteria. This is an example ofwhich of the following mechanisms of antibioticresistance?Destruction or inactivation of the antibiotic bythe microbePreventing penetration to the target sitewithin the microbeAlteration of the drug's target site(s) withinthe microbeNone of the other four answers are correctRapid ejection (pumping) of the drug out ofthe microbial cell When a patient exhibits a four-fold or greater risein antibody titer against a specific microbial antigenbetween acute-phase and convalescent-phaseserum samples, this is considered to be a"seroconversion".Which of the following would bea correct interpretation of a seroconversion?None of the other four answers are a correctinterpretation of a seroconversionThese findings cannot be interpretedbecause antibodies aren't specific enoughfor antigensThere is no evidence of current activeinfection because that would require that theantibody titer is decreasing rather thanincreasingThese results show that the microbe itselfhas been detected in the patient's sample(s)The results show evidence of current orrecent infection by the specific microbebecause there has been an activeimmunologic response to its antigen

Antimicrobial resistance occurs when germs such as bacteria or fungi cease to respond to drugs…

Some bacteria produce the enzyme penicillinase, which breaks the beta-lactam ring in the penicillin molecule and converts it into penicilloic acid, which is harmless to bacteria. This is an example of which of the following mechanisms of antibiotic resistance? Destruction or inactivation of the antibiotic by the microbe Preventing penetration to the target site within the microbe Alteration of the drug's target site(s) within the microbe None of the other four answers are correct Rapid ejection (pumping) of the drug out of the microbial cell

Some bacteria produce the enzyme penicillinase, which breaks the beta-lactam ring in the penicillin molecule and converts it into penicilloic acid, which is harmless to bacteria. This is an example of which of the following mechanisms of antibiotic resistance? Destruction or inactivation of the antibiotic by the microbe Preventing penetration to the target site within the microbe Alteration of the drug's target site(s) within the microbe None of the other four answers are correct Rapid ejection (pumping) of the drug out of the microbial cell

Microbiology for Surgical Technologists (MindTap Course List)

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781111306663

Author:Margaret Rodriguez, Paul Price

Publisher:Margaret Rodriguez, Paul Price

Chapter6: Microbial Viability And Growth

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 3UTM: Dr. Martinez ordered a Foley catheter for his patient who was on corticosteroids after kidney...

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When a patient exhibits a four-fold or greater rise in antibody titer against a specific microbial antigen between acute-phase and convalescent-phase serum samples, this is considered to be a “seroconversion”. Which of the following would be a correct interpretation of a seroconversion? what option below is the answer? None of the other four answers are a correct interpretation of a seroconversion These results show that the microbe itself has been detected in the patient’s sample(s) These findings cannot be interpreted because antibodies aren’t specific enough for antigens There is no evidence of current active infection because that would require that the antibody titer is decreasing rather than increasing The results show evidence of current or recent infection by the specific microbe because there has been an active immunologic response to its antigen
a. Seropositivity means having a blood serum that tests positive. Explain why it may or may not develop at the same rate in all patients exposed to the same microbe. b. Would a high rate of false-positives decrease the sensitivity or specificity of a serological test?
Name a biologic agent and the associated problemfor each of the following:a. Transmission of an infection through a biteb. Hypersensitivity reactionc. Injection of a toxin
Which of the following is the correct pairing of an immunologic test and the subject to be identified? a. indirect ELISA test/an unknown microbial antigen b. direct fluorescence antibody test/an unknown antibody c. Western blot/an unknown microbial antigen or antibody d. agglutination test/an unknown soluble microbial toxin
A technologist failed to notice that the centrifuge had not properly centrifuged the test tubes prepared for antibody identification. The time of centrifugation was 15 seconds instead of 30 seconds. What would be the potential error in the interpretation of this test? can please any one provide me ans?
A lab tech was rushed to the ER after a needlestick injury due to improper needle disposal. A Hepatitis Panel was ordered and the results were as follows: HBsAg: negative Anti- HBc (IgM): negative Anti-HBc: negative Anti-HBs: positive Anti-HCV: negative 1.Why were HAV antibodies not tested for? . . . 2. Why is the positive Anti-HBs an expected result? . . . 3. Should the lab tech be more concerned about Hepatitis C or HIV after this injury? . . . 4. Since the Anti-HCV is negative, is further testing needed? . . . 5. What is the test(s) used to indicate current Hep B infection?
Describe the following antigen antibody reactions in serology: Mechanism Function in serology Example of method a) Precipitation b) Agglutination c) Neutralizing d) Complement fixation
The sandwich type of ELISA detects patient antibodies to an antigen.A. FalseB. True
You just received the properly labeled blood bank specimen on patient Aran Stark. You decide to collect some background information about her known historical antibodies before beginning the work-up knowing that she has a history of anti-E, anti-K, anti-Jk^a, anti-Fy^a, anti-M and anti-Le^a. Which antibody can be neutralized? Which antibody is destroyed with 0.2M DTT treatment? Which antibody reactivity is enhanced by acidification? Which of the antibodies that are typically IgG in nature are destroyed by enzymes? Which are enhanced by enzymes? Which of these antibodies have been known to cause hemolytic transfusion reaction? Which of these antibodies are known to react at room temperature? Which of these antibodies react best at 37C? * When you complete the work-up, you note that the anti-Jk^a antibody is no longer detectable. Can the patient receive red blood cells that contain the Jk^a antigen? Why or why not?
In which of the following cases would treating a patient with an antiserum (purified antibodies) be more helpful than treating them with other drugs? Group of answer choices Purified antibodies would not be helpful in any of these cases If the person has a viral hepatitis infection If the person has eaten a poison produced by bacteria If the person has a fungal skin infection
At time point A, the patient's IgG titer against antigen X is 1:6, the patient's IgM titer to the same antigen is zero. Later, at time point B, the same patient again encounters antigen X. The IgG titer is zero, and the IgM titer to X is 1:8. Describe a scenario that could explain these data.
Dr. Martinez ordered a Foley catheter for his patient who was on corticosteroids after kidney transplantation. She requested the catheter be coated to prevent UTI. Why would her patient be at risk?