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Step 6 of 11 Use the relation from Step 1 to define A,G using biochemical standard states. A,G = A,GO + RT In 1 M[H+]/ le-07 1e-07 M) Step 7 of 11 Equate the expressions from Steps 5 and 6 and simplify. (Use the following as necessary: R, T, and x.) le – 7 A,G° = A,G0' + xRT ln 1 -xRT In le- Step 8 of 11 (b) NAD+ and NADH are the oxidized and reduced forms of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, two key compounds in the metabolic pathways. For the oxidation of NADH, (iii) NADH + H+ - NAD+ + H2 A,G° is -21.8 kJ-mol-1 at 298 K. Choose the general reaction that the oxidation of NADH is more similar to. O reaction (i): A + B - C+ x H+ reaction (ii): C + x H+ -A + B Step 9 of 11 Since the oxidation of NADH is more similar to reaction (ii), use the equation from Step 6 to calculate A,GO' at 298 K. A,GO' = -13 X kJ-mol-1

Step 6 of 11 Use the relation from Step 1 to define A,G using biochemical standard states. A,G = A,GO + RT In 1 M[H+]/ le-07 1e-07 M) Step 7 of 11 Equate the expressions from Steps 5 and 6 and simplify. (Use the following as necessary: R, T, and x.) le – 7 A,G° = A,G0' + xRT ln 1 -xRT In le- Step 8 of 11 (b) NAD+ and NADH are the oxidized and reduced forms of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, two key compounds in the metabolic pathways. For the oxidation of NADH, (iii) NADH + H+ - NAD+ + H2 A,G° is -21.8 kJ-mol-1 at 298 K. Choose the general reaction that the oxidation of NADH is more similar to. O reaction (i): A + B - C+ x H+ reaction (ii): C + x H+ -A + B Step 9 of 11 Since the oxidation of NADH is more similar to reaction (ii), use the equation from Step 6 to calculate A,GO' at 298 K. A,GO' = -13 X kJ-mol-1

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter18: Electrochemistry
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 3RQ: Table 17-1 lists common half-reactions along with the standard reduction potential associated with...
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In physical chemistry, the standard state for a solution is 1 M. In biological systems, however, we define the standard state as 1 ✕ 10−7 M because the physiological pH is about 7. Consequently, the change in the standard Gibbs energy according to these two conventions will be different involving uptake or release of H+ ions, depending on which convention is used. We will therefore replace ΔrGo with ΔrGo', where the prime denotes that it is the standard Gibbs energy change for a biological process.

(a) Consider the following reactions where x is a stoichiometric coefficient.
(i)     A + B → C + x H+
(ii)     C + x H+ → A + B
Derive a relation between ΔrGo and ΔrGo' for reaction (i), keeping in mind that ΔrG is the same for a process regardless of which convention is used. Repeat the derivation for the reverse reaction, (ii).

(b) NAD+ and NADH are the oxidized and reduced forms of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, two key compounds in the metabolic pathways. For the oxidation of NADH,
(iii)     NADH + H+ → NAD+ + H2
ΔrGo is −21.8 kJ·mol−1 at 298 K. Calculate ΔrGo'. Also calculate ΔrG using both the chemical and biological conventions when [NADH] = 1.6 ✕ 10−2 M, [H+] = 3.6 ✕ 10−5 M, [NAD+] = 4.2 ✕ 10−3 M, and PH2 = 0.014 bar.
Step 6 of 11 Use the relation from Step 1 to define A,G using biochemical standard states. [A]/1 1 M)[B]/1 1 M A-G = A,GO' + RT In 1 M([H+]/le-07 1е-07| М Step 7 of 11 Equate the expressions from Steps 5 and 6 and simplify. (Use the following as necessary: R, T, and x.) 1е —7 A,GO = A,GO' + xRT ln -xRT ln 1 le - Step 8 of 11 (b) NAD+ and NADH are the oxidized and reduced forms of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, two key compounds in the metabolic pathways. For the oxidation of NADH, (iii) NADH + H+ - NAD+ + H2 A,G° is -21.8 kJ•mol-1 at 298 K. Choose the general reaction that the oxidation of NADH is more similar to. O reaction (i): A + B – C + x H+ O P reaction (ii): C + x H+ - A + B Step 9 of 11 Since the oxidation of NADH is more similar to reaction (ii), use the equation from Step 6 to calculate A,G°'at 298 K. -13 X kJ•mol-1 %3D
Transcribed Image Text:Step 6 of 11 Use the relation from Step 1 to define A,G using biochemical standard states. [A]/1 1 M)[B]/1 1 M A-G = A,GO' + RT In 1 M([H+]/le-07 1е-07| М Step 7 of 11 Equate the expressions from Steps 5 and 6 and simplify. (Use the following as necessary: R, T, and x.) 1е —7 A,GO = A,GO' + xRT ln -xRT ln 1 le - Step 8 of 11 (b) NAD+ and NADH are the oxidized and reduced forms of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, two key compounds in the metabolic pathways. For the oxidation of NADH, (iii) NADH + H+ - NAD+ + H2 A,G° is -21.8 kJ•mol-1 at 298 K. Choose the general reaction that the oxidation of NADH is more similar to. O reaction (i): A + B – C + x H+ O P reaction (ii): C + x H+ - A + B Step 9 of 11 Since the oxidation of NADH is more similar to reaction (ii), use the equation from Step 6 to calculate A,G°'at 298 K. -13 X kJ•mol-1 %3D
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