Subject: Organic Chemistry Topic: Phases of Drug Metabolism Scenario: Y.H., a 32-year-old female with a history of chronic schizophrenia, presented for a routine follow-up visit to the behavioral health clinic. Her psychotic symptoms had been well controlled on risperidone 3 mg daily. At her previous appointment 1 month ago, Y.H. had reported being depressed, so her psychiatrist initiated a trial of paroxetine 20 mg daily as treatment. As the pharmacist was interviewing Y.H. for a medication history, he noticed that there was a resting tremor in her left hand. Y.H. acknowledged that it had first appeared within the last few weeks. She also stated that she was just starting to feel less depressed. Because both the risperidone and paroxetine appeared to demonstrate a therapeutic effect for Y.H., the pharmacist recommended that the dose of risperidone be decreased to 2 mg daily while continuing paroxetine 20 mg daily. At her next appointment the following month, Y.H. stated that her mood was “getting back on an even keel” and her left hand was no longer shaking. Question: 1. Describe the chemical analysis behind the situation of Y.H in using risperidone and paroxetine.
Lipids
The heterogeneous classes of organic compounds that are not water-soluble but are dissolved in organic solvents that are non-polar in nature are termed lipids. They are a long chain of fatty acids and esters of alcohols. Lipids are generally seen in several plants, microorganisms, and animals. They are utilized as insulation, components of the cell membrane, hormones, and molecules for the storage of energy.
Glycerophospholipid
Glycerophospholipid is the most abundantly occuring phospholipids found in the biological membranes. Lipids include a group of organic compounds like fats, hormones, oils, waxes, vitamins etc. They are non-polar molecules and are insoluble in water. Lipids play an important role in biological systems. They are the building blocks of our cell membranes, store energy and are involved in signaling.
Structure Of Camphor
A terpene with the molecular formula of C10H16O is a waxy, white color solid known as camphor. It is flammable. It also possesses a very pungent taste and a strong odor. There are various sources for extracting camphor from natural products such as the wood of the tree of camphor laurel. Sublimation of wood and steam distillation are some of the methods involved in obtaining camphor.
Glycolipid In Organic Chemistry
Glycolipids are lipids that are an important class of organic compounds in chemistry that have simple to complex applications. They contain carbohydrates, fatty acids, sphingolipids or a glycerol group. In other words, they are the modifications of lipids like acylglycerols, prenols and ceramides. They are all part of a wider group of compounds known as glycoconjugates.
Diterpenoid
The terpenoid class includes diterpenoids, which are chemical compounds with 20 carbon atoms. They are made up of four isoprene units and are derived from geranylgeraniol, a C20 precursor. They have a C20H32 basic structure. These characteristics distinguish diterpenoids from simple terpenes, which have just 10 carbon atoms.
Subject:
Topic: Phases of Drug
Scenario: Y.H., a 32-year-old female with a history of chronic schizophrenia, presented for a routine follow-up visit to the behavioral health clinic. Her psychotic symptoms had been well controlled on risperidone 3 mg daily. At her previous appointment 1 month ago, Y.H. had reported being depressed, so her psychiatrist initiated a trial of paroxetine 20 mg daily as treatment. As the pharmacist was interviewing Y.H. for a medication history, he noticed that there was a resting tremor in her left hand. Y.H. acknowledged that it had first appeared within the last few weeks. She also stated that she was just starting to feel less depressed. Because both the risperidone and paroxetine appeared to demonstrate a therapeutic effect for Y.H., the pharmacist recommended that the dose of risperidone be decreased to 2 mg daily while continuing paroxetine 20 mg daily. At her next appointment the following month, Y.H. stated that her mood was “getting back on an even keel” and her left hand was no longer shaking.
Question:
1. Describe the chemical analysis behind the situation of Y.H in using risperidone and paroxetine.
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