sum method, assume that given frame for transmission is 1101011011 and the generator polynomial is G(x) = x^4 + x + 1. After implementing CRC encoder, the encoded word sent from sender side is ............. a. 11010110111110
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| 90. | In CRC checksum method, assume that given frame for transmission is 1101011011 and the generator polynomial is G(x) = x^4 + x + 1. After implementing CRC encoder, the encoded word sent from sender side is ............. |
| a. | 11010110111110 |
| b. | 11101101011011 |
| c. | 110101111100111 |
| d. | 110101111001111 |
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- Given are the following codewords for an error control coding scheme data 000 011 100 codeword 00011000 00000111 10101000 . a.What is the minimum Hamming distance? b. What is the coding rate for this scheme? c. what raw data rate would be required if we need a throughput of 6 Mpbs? d. in a different situation, the number of data bits to transfer is 5, and the minimum hamming distance is dmin=5. find the maximum coding rate for this situationA bit string contains 1's and 0's. How many different bit strings can be constructed given the restriction(s)? Length is 20. Has exactly six 1's in the first half. Has exactly three 1's in the second half.a. Compute CBC-MAC for a message of 16 bits, “8642” (in Hexa). Assume a block size of 8 bits with an IV=F1 (in hexa). For simplicity, assume the encryption to be a simple XOR of the key with the plaintext. Let the encryption key be B4 (in Hexa).
- Consider a (127, 92) linear block code capable of triple error corrections.(a)What is the probability of message error for an uncodedblock of 92 bits if the channel symbol error probability is10－3?(b)What is the probability of message error when using the(127, 92) block code if the channel symbol errorprobability is 10－3?a. Compute CBC-MAC for a message of 16 bits, “8642” (in Hexa). Assume a block size of 8 bits with an IV=F1 (in hexa). For simplicity, assume the encryption to be a simple XOR of the key with the plaintext. Let the encryption key be B4 (in Hexa). (Hint: Divide the message into blocks of 8 bits each; XOR each block with the previous cipher output; then encrypt this with the key. For the first block, XOR it with IV. Details in pages 325-326 Ch.12 of the textbook) b. Suppose Alice computes the Secret prefix MAC (page 322: secret prefix MAC(x) = h(key || x)) for the message ”AM” (in ASCII) with key “G” (in ASCII) that both Alice and Bob know. The hash function that is used is h(x1x2x3)= g(g(x1 XOR x2) XOR x3 ) where each xi is a character represented as 8 bits, and g(x) is a 8-bit string that is equal to the complement of bits in x. For example, g(10110011) = 01001100. The MAC is 8 bits. (8-bit ASCII representation of the characters is given below.) What is the Secret prefix MAC…(a) How many bit strings of length 13 either starts with three consecutive 1s or end with 2 consecutive 0s? (b) How many bit strings of nine lowercase letters start with a vowel, if letters cannot be repeated?
- Q) Consider the use of hamming codes to send 11-bit messages. Specifically, consider 10011011011. First, calculate the hamming code-word for this message. Second, invert one message bit in that Hamming code-word (to represent a 1-bit error) and show how the recipient can use the check bits to correct the inverted bit (that is, perform the error correction)Implement 4-bit block cipher using 4 XOR gates, plain text input [3:0] p, key input [3:0] k and cipher text output [3:0] c using Verilog. Use two of 4-bit block cipher and 2 XOR gates to implement 8-bit block cipher with plain text input [7:0] p, key input [3:0] k, initialization vector input [3:0] and cipher text output [7:0] c. ex) IV = 4’b1101, key = 4’b1000, plaintext = 8’b01100001 (‘a’, 97)Suppose that a binary message – either 0 or 1 – must be transmitted by wire from location Ato location B. However, the data sent over the wire are subject to a channel noise disturbance,so to reduce the possibility of error, the value 2 is sent over the wire when the message is1, and the value −2 is sent when the message is 0. If X, X = {−2,2}, is the value sent atlocation A, the value received at location B, denoted as R, is given byR = X + N ,where N is the channel noise disturbance, which is independent of X. When the message isreceived at location B, the receiver decodes it according to the following rule:if R ≥.5, then conclude that message 1 was sentif R < .5, then conclude that message 0 was sentAssuming that the channel noise, N, is a unit normal random variable and that the message0 or 1 is sent with equal probability, what is the probability that we conclude that the wrongmessage was sent? This is the probability of error for this communication channel
- 1. Compact discs record two channels (left and right) of music at a sampling frequency of ??=44.1kHz for each channel. If each sample is encoded with 16 bits, and one byte is 8 bits, how many bytes are required to store 48.1 seconds of music? 2. Consider a system that uses 8-bit ASCII codes to encode letters. How long (in microseconds) will it take to transmit the bit sequence encoding Hello-World! if we use a bit time of 4 samples per bit, and transmit samples at a rate of 1MHz? 3. The ASCII table below gives the ASCII codes for common alphanumeric characters and symbols listed from MSB to LSB. What is the bit sequence encoding the message 113? Assume that we transmit the codes of each character in sequence with the LSB first.Implement the Hamming Code error detection and correction algorithm for a group message to be transmitted over a network. Hamming code algorithm allows the receiver to detect errors that may have been introduced due to many factors such as noise, interference, and many others. -> Assume the following: 1. The sender message length is 2 bytes. The data transmitted to the user is the 2-byte data in addition to the parity bits. 2. The receiver must be able to detect and correct 1-bit error. Report :In the report you must include an overview of the Hamming code algorithm and you need to show: 1. The detailed calculation of the minimum number of parity bits needed for a message of 2-byte length. 2. Details on how sender generates the parity bits. 3. Details on how thew receiver detects and corrects a 1-bit error. THANKS., PLEASE GIVE DETAILED DESCRIPTION.Compute CBC-MAC for a message of 16 bits, “ABCD” (in Hexa). Assume a block size of 8 bits with an IV=C9 (in hexa). For simplicity, assume the encryption to be a simple XOR of the key with the plaintext. Let the encryption key be D8 (in Hexa). (Hint: Divide the message into blocks of 8 bits each; XOR each block with the previous cipher output; then encrypt this with the key. For the first block, XOR it with IV.