Suppose a firm A produces a product q, but also pollution x that affects a second firm B. Firm A is a competitive firm and faces an equilibrium price of £12 for its product. The cost function of firm A is CA (q, x) = q² + (x-4)². Firm B is a competitive firm and faces an equilibrium price of £10. Firm B's cost function is CB (r, x) = r² + xr. Compute the equilibrium prices and quantities and the profits of the two separate, competitive firms. Interpret the first order conditions. Explain. Compute the social optimum, that is, the equilibrium prices, quantities, and profit when firm A and B are merged. Interpret the compare it to the solution in (a). Explain.
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- A firm’s total cost C is given by the function: C = 4X2 Where X is the level of output and C is the cost. The firm can sell any number of units of output at a price of 64. However, production inflicts damage on the firm’s neighbours. The total damage D inflicted depends on the firm’s output: D = 4X + X2. Assume that the neighbours have the property rights: In the absence of an agreement between the firm and its neighbours, what would the level of output be? If an agreement between the firm and its neighbours is negotiated, what are the smallest and largest payments that the firm would have to make?Suppose a firm A produces a product q, but also pollution x that affects a second firm B. Firm A is a competitive firm and faces an equilibrium price of £12 for its product. The cost function of firm A is . Firm B is a competitive firm and faces an equilibrium price of £10. Firm B’s cost function is . Compute the equilibrium prices and quantities and the profits of the two separate, competitive firms. Interpret the first order conditions. Explain.Suppose both cooperatives are price-takers; with PG=12 and PF =10 being the market prices of gold and fish respectively. The cost of producing G units of gold is cg(G,x)=G2+(x−4)2; where x is the quantity of mercury effluent discharged into the dam. The cost of producing F units of fish is cF(F,x)= F2 + xF ; where cF(F,x) is an increasing function of x. a) Determine the profit maximizing level of gold output, profit and level of mercury effluent discharged into the dam. Comment and explain your results. b) What is the fishing cooperative’s profit maximizing level of fish output and profit? Explain your results. c) Suppose the two cooperatives were merged to operate as a single firm; determine the socially optimal level of gold and fish output, mercury effluent and profit. Explain, comment on and contrast your results with those obtained in a and b above. d) Suppose property rights to the dam water are created and assigned to the fishing cooperative. Does this induce efficiency and…
- Suppose that the market demand curve of food delivery service in city A is given by P = 100 − Q, where P is the price and Q is the quantity. Currently there is only one firm. The incumbent’s cost function is given by TC = 40q, where q is the quantity provided by the incumbent. Suppose that there’s a potential entrant with cost function TC = 40qe + 100, where qe is the quantity provided by the entrant. The 100 is the sunk cost for developing the delivery system that is paid upon entering the market. a. If the entrant observes the incumbent providing qi units of service and expects this level to be maintained, what output will the entrant produce? b. At what price will the incumbent sell this output to keep the entrant out of the market?The average avoidable cost for a fringe firm is AAC(q) = 20/q +5q. The marginal cost function for a fringe firm is MC = 10q. There are 10 fringe firms. The marginal cost of the dominant firm is 2 and the demand function is Q = 100 − P. What is the supply function of the fringe? What is p0, the minimum price at which the fringe will supply? What is the residual demand function for the dominant firm? What is the profit-maximizing price of the dominant firm? Compare monopoly profits to the profits of the dominant firm. Which market structure is socially preferable, dominant firm or monopoly? Why?Firm 1 is an incumbent in a market that Firm 2 is considering entering. Market demand is described by P = 500 − (q1 + q2) Firm 1 has no fixed costs of production. The entrant has a fixed cost of $15,000 that is incurred only if it enters the market. Each unit of output requires 1 unit of capacity to produce. There are no other inputs of production. Both firms buy capacity in the same market where its price is r = 50. The cost functions of the two firms are therefore: C1 (q1) = rq1 C2 (q2) = 15,000 + rq2 (a) Consider the Stackleberg version of this game: Firm 1 produces an output level first, which it cannot change. Firm 2 then makes its entry decision, and, if it enters, an output decision. Compute the quantity qL1 (the limit quantity) which if it was produced by Firm 1, would drive the profits of Firm 2, post-entry, to 0? Show your work. (b) Suppose, as in the "Capacity Expansion as a Credible Entry-Deterring Commitment" model, Firm 1 has the option of buying some capacity prior to…
- The market demand for a type of carpet has been estimated as P= 75 – 1.5Q Where P is price ($/yard) and Q is output per time period ( thousands of yards per month). The market supply is expressed as P= 25 + 0.5 Q. a typical competitive firm that markets this type of carpet has a marginal cost of production of MC= 2.5 + 10q Determine the market equilibrium price for this type of carpet. Also determine the production rate in the market, Determine how much the typical firm will produce per week at the equilibrium price. If all firms had the same cost structure, how many firms would compete at the equilibrium price computed in (a) above?Suppose the inverse demand curve in a market is D(p) =a-bp, where D(p) is the quantity demanded and p is the market price. Firm 1 is the leader and has a cost function c1(y1)=cy1 while firm 2 is the follower with a cost function c2(y2 )=. Firm 1 sets its price to maximise its profit. Firm 1 correctly forecasts that the follower takes the price leader’s chosen price as given (price taker) and chooses output so as to maximise its own profit. Write down the profit function of the follower. Calculate the profit maximising quantity that the follower selects given the leader’s chosen price p (i.e., calculate the follower’s supply curve S(p)). Interpret the solution to the profit maximising problem.The market demand for Gucci bags is given by the function P = 75 - 1.5Q. P is price per bag, and Q is output per time period. The market supply is given as P = 25 + 0.50Q. A typical competitive firm that markets this type of bag has a marginal cost of production of MC = 2.5 + 10q. a) Calculate the market equilibrium price for the bags as well as the output rate in the market. b) Calculate how much the typical firm will produce per time period at the equilibrium price. c) If all firms had the same cost structure, how many firms would compete at the equilibrium price computed in (a) above?
- A private golf club has two types of members. Serious golfers each have the demand curve Q = 250 - 10P, where Q represents the number of rounds played per year and P is the per- round price. Casual golfers have the demand curve Q = 100 - 10P. The club has 5 serious and 60 casual golfing members and faces a constant marginal cost and average cost of $ 5 per round played by either type of member. The club cannot distinguish high demanders from low demanders but is considering deploying a 2-part tariff pricing system? Specifically, the club is considering a per-unit price of $5 and a per-unit price of $6. What should they do and what are the profits they will earn? Be very clear in how you arrive at your answer.Consider a market demand function P=100-0.01Q. There are only two firms in the market and each firm's total cost function is 40q to produce identical products. Suppose Firm 1 is the first mover (leader) and Firm 2 is the follower. What is the optimal level of quantity for Firm 2 in this Stackelberg model? 1000 1500 2000 25000 3000Was it ethically acceptable for president regan to fire the striking air traffic controller?