Suppose the audio signal has a bandwidth of 6 kHz. If the maximum quantization error needs to be no larger than 2% of the peak signal amplitude mmax, what is the minimum required number of quantization levels in the system? What is the minimum number of quantization bits required (i) 1-0
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- If in a PCM system, uniform quantizer having total 256 steps is being used, then what will be the number of transmitted bits per sample?3.) List three gains or losses that could be modified (and how) to increase the signal-to-noise ratio in a communication signal.For a FM system, the maximum freq deviation is 75 kHz and the maximum freq of the info. signal is 10 kHz. What will be the total bandwidth of the FM system? What will be the modulation index?
- In your own words, ExplainWhat makes signal communication advantageous in an infrantry operation? Write in 200 words.Question 3 3. A communication system transmits an analog waveform via a Yagi antenna of length 3m. The analog wave form is carrier modulated and transmitted over a Maray PAM system, where the number of pulse level is M = 64. The quantization distortion must not exceed ± 2% of the peak-to-peak analog signal. i What is the maximum number of bits per sample that should be used in this PCM? ii. What is the minimum sampling rate? iii. Determine the maximum frequency iv. What’s the resulting bit transmission rate? v. Compute the sampling timeFor a CD audio system, the analog signal is digitized such that the signal to quantization ratio is maintained at least 96dB. The sampling is performed at 44100Hz. a) What is the minimum number of quantization levels required to attain the given signal to quantization noise ratio?b) How many bits per sample are required when levels are identified in part a)?c) Identify the data rate in bits/s for the system.
- Question 3: What are the similarities and differences between the information signal m (t) obtained as a result of demodulation and the original information signal m (t) on the modulation side?A data acquisition system monitors the sounds created by bats in a cave which have an audio range of 10 Hz to 20 kHz. Assume that a pulse code modulation (PCM) system that represents each sample point by 8-bits is used to digitise the analogue sound emitted by the bats. If a (7,4) Hamming code is used to correct transmission errors, what is the minimum transmission bandwidth (data rate) required if binary phase-shift keying is used for signalling?For purposes of efficient signal encoding, a given speech signal is subject to a companding operation. The μ-law companding used in commercial telephony in North America is given by Where μ 100, x is the input signal value and y is the output signal value. Assume that the input is in the range of 0 x 5 and that all values are equally likely.
- What will be the minimum transmission bandwidth of a PCM system if the number of bits per sample is 8 and the maximum frequency of the analog signal is 4.5 kHz?1. What are the control methods for electromechanical systems. What arethe advantages of each method? 2. What are the design steps for a microcontroller basedelectromechanical system? 3. Given that sampling frequency (fs) is equal to 250Hz and Nyquistfrequency (fN) is equal to two times of the alias frequency, find the aliasfrequency. 4. You need to design a quantizer for a sensor which measures voltagevalues between 40 V and 200 V. If your resolution is 4 (n value) findthe number of output states (N) and quantization step (Q). 5. Design a capacitive transducer to be able to measure the displacementof a rotating element in a machine. Sketch the diagram and specifywhich parameters will let you measure the displacement.A data acquisition system monitors the sounds created by bats in a cave which have an audio range of 10 Hz to 20 kHz. Assume that a pulse code modulation (PCM) system that represents each sample point by 8-bits is used to digitise the analogue sound emitted by the bats. If a 32 kHz bandwidth additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel is used to transmit the data, what is the minimum required signal-to-noise level that is required to achieve error free transmission?