Suppose US Air has two classes of potential customers, holiday travellers and business travellers. There are 100 of each type of customer. Willingness to pay - Holiday travellers Willingness to pay - Business travellers Marginal cost per passenger Economy class $200 $250 $100 Business class $250 $800 $150 If US Air it can provide only one class of travel at one price, then the profit maximising class of travel is [Select] , charging a price of [Select]
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- Question 4: IBM faces two types of buyers for the printers they produce. High-valuation consumers (e..g. businesses) have a higher willingness to pay for quality (here printing speed as ppm) compared to low-valuation customers (e.g. households). We have that the total valuation for the high-valuation customers is TBH(q) = 509 – 192, where q is the printing speed (ppm) and the total valuation for the low-valuation customers is TB:(q) = 509 – 2. A printer of any quality q up 1 to q = 50 costs $250 to produce, independent of the actual speed, but producing a printer faster than q = 50 is impossible.a. Suppose that IBM can perfectly discriminate between the two groups of consumers. What quality is offered to each group? What is the maximum price that IBM can charge each group for the corresponding printer? b. Suppose that IBM cannot tell the two types of customers apart and must rely on consumer self-selection. Assuming that IBM chooses to offer two products of the qualities you derived in…The following Table refers to four buyers’ willingness to pay for papadums. Each buyer is willing to buy at most one papadum and no more. Assume now that there is only a single seller of papadums, and she knows each buyer’s willingness to pay. Assume that this seller incurs a cost of $4.00 per unit of papadum produced (i.e., the marginal cost is constant). If she intends to maximise profits, how many papadums would this seller supply to the market, and what price would she charge?At a student café, there are equal numbers of two types of customers with the following values. The café owner cannot distinguish between the two types of students because many students without early classes arrive early anyway (i.e., she cannot price discriminate).Students with Early Classes Students without Early ClassesCoffee $0.70 $0.60Banana $0.50 $1.00The marginal cost of coffee is $0.10. The marginal cost of a banana is $0.40. Is bundling more profitable than selling separately? If so, what price should be charged for the bundle?
- Suppose you run a marketing survey and find you have two types of customers high-value customers willing to pay 16 and low-va consumers willing to pay just 10. Your survey tells you that there are equal numbers of high- and low- value customers. Obviously , have two possible options price high (16) and sell only to the high value group, or price low (10) and sell to everyoneThe costs incurred is 5 per unit and sales only happen to high -value consumers 50 % of the timeWhich price should you choose ? Select the correct response price high price low it depends price both high and lowConsider a market with two firms, A and B, producing two varieties of the same product withdifferent qualities. In particular, the variety produced by firm A has quality Va = 2, while thevariety produced by firm B has quality Vb = 10.Firm A costs are TCa(qa) = 1/2*qa, while firm B costs are TCb(qb) = 2*qbConsumers value quality differently, with each individual i valuing quality bi , a numberbetween 0 and 1. Consumers are distributed uniformly between [0,1]. (As considered in class:that is, for any two values b1 and b2 > b1 in [0,1] the number (or mass) of individuals withbi ∈ [b1, b2] is equal to b2 − b1.)a) Draw a graph illustrating the utility of different individuals (as a function of bi on thehorizontal axis) for the following given value of (Pa, Pb) = (2/3 , 5) . Indicate whichindividuals do not buy anything, which individuals buy the variety from firm A, andwhich individuals buy the variety from firm B.b) What is the value of bi for which an individual is indifferent between…Assume that there is only a single seller of papadums, and she knows eachbuyer’s willingness to pay. Assume that this seller incurs a cost of $4.00 perunit of papadum produced (i.e., the marginal cost is constant). If she intends to maximise profits, how many papadums would this seller supply to the market, and what price would she charge? Remember, the price has to be the same for each unit sold. Hint: start at a price of $17 and calculate what profit would be. Then lower the price just enough to attract an additional buyer and calculate what the new profit would be. Repeat this until all four buyers are purchasing the good and then check which price yields the highest profit. Alternatively, you can calculate the marginal revenue from lowering the price to attract an additional buyer and compare it to marginal cost.
- . When Chinese automakers began exporting cars, rather thanfocusing on developed nations in the West, they shippedautos to emerging markets in countries such as Algeria, Russia,Chile, and South Africa. In these markets, even used vehiclesfrom multinational manufacturers are relatively scarce—andrelatively expensive. The Chinese automakers, who prioritizelow cost rather than design or even safety, applied a penetration-pricing strategy. A woman in Santiago, Chile, who boughta new Chery S21 explained, “The price factor is fairly decisive.I paid $5,500 new and full. Toyota with similar features costsaround $12,000.” Why do you think Chinese automakerschose that pricing strategy? Do you think it was successful?As Chinese regulators pressure these manufacturers to maketheir cars safer, do you think they will be able to keep theirprices low compared with those of the international automakers? Why or why not?261. There are two brands of cigarettes X, Y. The demand for each is as follows: Qx = 80 - 2p Qy = 60 - 0.5p Assume that the marginal cost of producing cigarette X is $10, the marginal cost of producing cigarette Y is $8, and that the market for both cigarettes is perfectly competitive. Assume that each pack of cigarette X smoked does $5 worth of health damage to the smoker, and a total of $4 worth of health damage to the smoker’s neighbors via second-hand smoke. Each pack of cigarette Y smoked does $6 worth of health damage to the smoker, and $5 health damage to the smoker’s neighbors. (a) Explain why the public supply curves differ from the private supply curves, and how this represents the externality from second-hand smoke. Highlight the area(s) of your diagram that represents a social loss. (b) Calculate the social loss for both. (c) Suppose the government decides to pursue a Pigouvian solution to eliminate social loss. What's amount of tax or subsidy would the government…1. There are two brands of cigarettes X, Y. The demand for each is as follows: Qx = 80 - 2p Qy = 60 - 0.5p Assume that the marginal cost of producing cigarette X is $10, the marginal cost of producing cigarette Y is $8, and that the market for both cigarettes is perfectly competitive. Assume that each pack of cigarette X smoked does $5 worth of health damage to the smoker, and a total of $4 worth of health damage to the smoker’s neighbors via second-hand smoke. Each pack of cigarette Y smoked does $6 worth of health damage to the smoker, and $5 health damage to the smoker’s neighbors. (a) Plot the private demand curve and private supply curve for both cigarettes on separate axes. (b) What is the privately efficient quantity demand of both cigarettes? (c) Add the public supply curves to the graphs you plot in (a). (d) What is the socially efficient quantity demand of both cigarettes?
- The concert promoters of a heavy metal band, WeR2Loud, know that there are two types of concert - goers: die - hard fans and casual fans. For a particular WeR2Loud concert, there are 1.000 die - hard fans who will pay $150 for a ticket and 500 casual fans who will pay $50 for a ticket. There are 1,500 seats available at the concert venue. Suppose the cost of putting on the concert is $50,000, which includes the cost of the band, lighting, security, etc. Refer to Scenario 15-6. How much additional profit can the concert promoters earn by charging each customer their willingness to pay relative to charging a flat price of $150 per ticket? Group of answer choices $25,000 $50,000 $ 75,000 $100,000Ali Receives Utility From (D)omestic Vaccines from Kayseri, and the Sinovac Vaccine-(F)oreign. The utility structure is U(D,F)=D x F. The price of the foreign vaccine because of increasing returns to scale is $200, whereas at its earlier stages, the domestic vaccine is produced at a higher cost, and higher price of $250. The government has given each and every citizen a fixed payment of $8000 to spend just on vaccines, but it has not specified which vaccines. a- Does Ali Solve the Utility Maximization Question in an interior equilibrium or a corner solution? How do you know? What condition does the interior equilibrium necessitate regardless. b- Find Ali's Utility Maximizing Level of Domestic and Foreign Vaccines when he uses just the government allowance on vaccines? What is his utility level? C- Suppose the government wants to decrease Turkey's health exports. It pushes a vaccine subsidy, just for domestic vaccines that makes the price of domestic equal to $160. How does the utility…information refers to a market where one side (either the buyer or theseller, but usually the buyer) has less information than the other side of themarket. When there is asymmetric information in a market, markets are inefficientbecause the side with less information doesn't want to take the risk involved inbuying (or selling) the good or service.One method of solving this problem is through screening. Screening is a strategyone uses when they don't have information. A screen can be any indicator thatlets the screener know if the good or service is reliable and will meet thescreener's wants.Offer an example of when you used screening to solve a lack ofinformation. What kind of screen did you use?• Was the screen effective? Were you happy with the result?