(a) Suppose you are going to transmit a packet over OSI Network Model. Explain the working of Router, Gateway and Switch. Which device will be used if you face an issue of weak signals during transmission. Also, Mention on which level of OSI model these devices will work efficiently. (b) Attenuation, Distortion and Noise are the causes of Transmission impairment. What would be the solution or How these causes can be improved.

Q: b) The distance between a sender and a receiver of a data communication system is 1400 km and the…

A: Go-Back-N ARQ is a specific instance of the automatic repeat request protocol in which the sending…

Q: 17824 bits of data is to be transferred from a station A to station B. Assume a call setup time of…

A: part (ii) virtual circuit requires Total delay = M*(Transmission delay + propagation delay)+…

Q: A 64 Kb packet message is to be transmitted from the source to the destination with 2000 m apart.…

A: The Answer is

Q: 1. There is a data that has a file size of 26MB with an ethernet overhead of 8 Mb. Find the Total…

A: Solution- 1) Given a data of size of 26Mb with an ethernet overhead of 8 Mb. So, the total amount…

Q: Assume we need to design a Go-Back-N sliding-window protocol for a network in which the bandwidth is…

A: Here is the Average RDT = 20ms Bandwidth delay product = 5 Mbps x 20ms =100000 bits Number of…

Q: 6. Between two hosts A and B which are connected by a link with the bandwidth 1 Mbps and with a…

A: Given Data : Bandwidth = 1 Mbps RTT = 2 ms Tp = 1 ms = 1 * 10-3 Protocol used: Go Back N…

Q: Please brief four basic issues, i.e. Naming and name resolution Routing strategies Connection…

A: NAMING AND NAME RESOLUTION STRATEGIES: Converting a name to the address that a computer or network…

Q: Compute the latency for a data packet of size 1596 bytes. The network has bandwidth of 12 Mbps, the…

A: Given : Packet size  = 1596 bytes Bandwidth = 12 Mbps Distance = 1900 km Speed of copper cable =…

Q: Consider a message that is long that is to be sent from source to destination in Figure 1. Suppose…

A: Required: Consider a message that is long that is to be sent from source to destination in Figure 1.…

Q: 9. Suppose that the TCP congestion window is set to 18 KB and a timeout occurs. How big will the…

A: The Transmission control protocol congestion window is defined as the amount of data that is being…

Q: 17824 bits of data is to be transferred from a station A to station B. Assume a call setup time of…

A: 17824 bits of data is to be transferred from a station A to station B. Assume a call setup time of…

Q: a. How many bits are there in each packet? b. At what time the first packet will be received at…

A:

Q: d. A particular service provider desire to transfer a 20 MB file across network with Signal to Noise…

A: Solution is :

Q: The distance between a sender and a receiver of a data communication system is 1400 km and the…

A:

Q: 17824 bits of data is to be transferred from a station A to station B. Assume a call setup time of…

A: Given: call set up time = 0.01 s hops = 3 Total bits N = 17824 Signal Propagation speed = 200 km/s…

Q: Consider two nodes, A and B are attached to opposite ends of an 1200 meter cable with signal…

A: introduction :

Q: Consider a message that is 10 Mbits long that is to be sent from source to destination in Figure 1.…

A: Here, we need to include only transmission delay. The time taken by any packet from source to…

Q: Computer A is sending a 100 kByte long file to Computer B via packet-switching over two consecutive…

A: Given that, Size of the file= 100 KB Bandwidth of the link= 10 Mbps Distance of each link= 1000 Km…

Q: True or False: [  ] Routing decision is always required for every packet of a message at each node…

A: (1) The statement “Routing decision is always required for every packet of a message at each node in…

Q: 3.1 A 1-km-long, 10-Mbps CSMA/CD LAN (not 802.3) has a propagation speed of 200 m/isec. Repeaters…

A: Effective data rate = data (excluding Ack) / total time Total time = transmitter seizes cable +…

Q: Consider the case of a packet being sent from one end system to the other. Each of the four types of…

A: When data is transported through a network from one end system to another, it is fragmented into…

Q: Consider a router buffer preceding an outbound link that has a transmission capacity of 1000…

A: Actually, given question regarding packet.

Q: d) Assume that, in a Stop-and-Wait ARQ system, the bandwidth of the line is 5 Mbps, and 1 bit takes…

A: i. Its bandwidth-delay product: (5x106)x(80x10-3) =  400000 bits ii. The system can send 400000 bits…

Q: Why are packet losses more at the start of a transmission with the TCP Tahoe network configuration…

A: Given that the TCP Tahoe network setup is in use, it raises the question: why are there higher…

Q: 5)Consider a reliable data transfer protocol that uses only negative acknowledgments. Suppose the…

A: GIVEN:

Q: Question: Suppose two nodes, A and B, are attached to opposite ends of a 1200 meter cable, and that…

A: Below is the answer to the above question of both parts. I hope this will be helpful for you..

Q: Client Server R, R Rc Rs R, R 4

A:

Q: Consider a router buffer preceding an outbound link that has a transmission capacity of 100…

A: Solution : Consider a route buffer preceding an out bound link that has a transmission capacity of…

Q: What are the data plane and the control plane in the network layer conceptually? How do they relate…

A: The network layer is considered as the backbone of the open system interconnection model.

Q: Answer the following questions with respect to "Link state Routing Protocol". 192.168.10.1…

A: Link state routing protocol is a dynamic routing protocol which is used to find the routing distance…

Q: QUESTION 16 Select the correct statement(s) regarding Frame Relay (FR). a. FR is a connectionless…

A: Frame Relay is a highly efficient WAN protocol that operates on physical and data interface layers…

Q: Assume that, in a Stop-and-Wait system, the bandwidth of the line is 3 Mbps, and 1 bit takes 30…

A: The given bandwidth is 3 Mbps that is 3 Mbps requires 30 milliseconds to complete a round trip.

Q: 17824 bits of data is to be transferred from a station A to station B. Assume a call setup time of…

A: According to the information given:- We have to follow the instruction mentioned and calculate total…

Q: Why both transport layer and link layers implement reliability mechanism .Please prove your answer…

A: ANS(1): Reliable data transfer means data received is ordered and free. The problem of using…

Q: Question 12: Host A is sending data to host B over a full duplex link. A and B are using the sliding…

A: Solution _

Q: Station A is connected to station B directly via the link, Station B also connected to stations C,…

A: Introduction :Given , 6 stations A,B,C,D,E,FPacket size = 2000 bits We have to calculate the total…

Q: How would you write a system of linear equations based on the given scenario and directions?…

A: The system of linear equations based on the given scenario and directions is represented in Step 2.

Q: 59. Consider the network in Figure 3.56, using link-state routing. Suppose the B-F link fails, and…

A:

Q: .B If the Network layer is sending a message from A to D via B, it can be sure that a message sent…

A: The Data Link layer is used for communications between devices in a specific network and is used to…

Q: Two hosts X and Y are connected by a single link. The propagation speed is 3 x 108 meters/sec. Host…

A: Below i have answered:

Q: 1) Consider a packet of length 1200 bytes begins at end system 'A' and travels over three links to…

A: Given that, Length of the packet= 1200 bytes queuing delay= 0 propagation delay= 2.5*108m/s Band…

Q: What is the delay of sending a data file from a source station to a destination station? Suppose…

A: Here the total delay for sending file from source to destination => Transmission delay +…

Q: Question 3:Consider a message that is long that iS to be sent from source to destination in Figure…

A: Given questio has asked to find the following values:- How many bits in each packet. At what time…

Q: Use again the network architecture provided in the figure above, were Rs, Rc and Ri for i =…

A: Given :- Use again the network architecture provided in the figure above, were Rs, Rc and Ri for i =…

Q: 1. In this scenario, assume you are working on the link layer protocol using Stop-and-Wait ARQ data…

A: Given that, Bandwidth= 500 Mbps Distance= 3057 Km Speed= 2.2*108 m/s a) Bandwidth delay is also…

Q: The following figure shows that, using relays can extend communication distances. Assume the…

A: This is due to the reason that throughout with fixed relays at different distances through the graph…

Q: 3.4-7 Stop-and-wait: channel utilization. Suppose a packet is 10K bits long, the channel…

A: Given:- Bandwidth is 10mbps. So, 1 sec= 10*106 bits  Round trip= 10ms=10*10-3 sec  Packet is 10k…

Q: Computer A is sending a 100 kByte long file to Computer B via packet-switching over two consecutive…

A: Here in this question we have given that A is sending a 100 kByte long file to Computer B via packet…