Suppose you are the Governor of the Bank of England. You want to apply the quantity theory of money to achieve a long-run inflation rate of 3% per year. If velocity is increasing by 19% per year, and real GDP grows a an annual rate of 2%, which of the following policies would you recommend? Select one: O a. Money supply growth of 4% per year. O b. Money supply growth of 6% per year. O C. A nominal interest rate of 5% per year. O d. A nominal interest rate of 3% per year.
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- Suppose that an economy has a constant nominal money supply, a constant level of real output Y = 1500, and a constant real interest rate r = 0.05, and it’s expected rate of inflation is 2%, i.e, πe = .02. Suppose that the income elasticity of money demand is ηY = 0.5 and the interest elasticity of demand ηi = –0.2. (a) Suppose that Y decreases to 1425, r remains constant at 0.05 and there is no change in the expected rate of inflation. What is the percentage change in the equilibrium price level? (b) Suppose that r increases to 0.06 and Y remains at 1500. Assuming that expected inflation remains at πe = .02, what is the percentage change in the equilibrium price level? (c) Suppose that r increases to 0.06. Assuming that πe = .02, what would real output have to be for the equilibrium price level to remain at its initial value?It is sometimes suggested that the Fed should try toachieve zero inflation. If we assume that velocity isconstant, does this zero-inflation goal require that therate of money growth equal zero? If yes, explain why.If no, explain what the rate of money growth shouldequalLet's reenact a simplified version of the 1981–1982 Volcker disinflation. Expected inflation and actual inflation are both 10%, real growth is 3%, and to keep it simple assume that velocity growth is zero. Thus, we have AD: Money growth = inflation + real growth. Now let's define a simple SRAS curve: Inflation = expected inflation + 1 × (real growth rate – Solow growth rate). How fast did the money supply grow at this point, before Volcker started fighting inflation? 10% 7% 3% None of the answers is correct.
- Suppose the monetary authority on Ferenginar wants to know about the relationship between money growth and inflation. You decide to use the Quantity Theory of Money in terms of percentage changes, which is given by%∆Mt + %∆Vt = πt + %∆yt (a) Suppose the income elasticity of demand for money is equal to 1, andoutput is independent of monetary policy. If %∆Mt=5%, what is inflation (πt)? (b) Suppose that the income elasticity of demand for money is 1, and output is not independent of monetary policy. If Inflation is 3%, and %∆Mtis 2%, what is outputSuppose that this year’s money supply is $500 billion,nominal GDP is $10 trillion, and real GDP is $5 trillion.a. What is the price level? What is the velocity ofmoney?b. Suppose that velocity is constant and theeconomy’s output of goods and services rises by5 percent each year. What will happen to nominalGDP and the price level next year if the Fed keepsthe money supply constant?c. What money supply should the Fed set next yearif it wants to keep the price level stable?d. What money supply should the Fed set next yearif it wants inflation of 10 percent?Now, consider an economy in which the demand for money is of the formY(1 + it)for t = 0, 1, 2, · · · , where output is 150 and it denotes the nominal interest rate inperiod t. The REAL INTEREST RATE, denoted r, is constant and equal to 4%. In period0 and 1, the money supply is 100 and people expect that money supply wouldbe 100 forever. People have rational expectations. In period 2, the central banksurprises people and sets the money supply will grow at 2 percent forever, that is,M0 = 100, M1 = 100, M2 = (1.02)M1, M3 = (1.02)M2, and so on. A. Find the inflation rate, nominal interest rate, real money balance in period 1,and expected inflation in period 2, given the information available in period1, π1, i1,M1 / P1, and, E1π2. B. Find the inflation rate, nominal interest rate, real money balance in period 2,and expected inflation in period 3, given the information available in period 2. (π2, i2, M2 / P2 and E2π3.) C. Find the inflation rate, nominal interest rate, and real money…
- Now, consider an economy in which the demand for money is of the formY / (1 + it) for t = 0, 1, 2, · · · , where output is 150 and it denotes the nominal interest rate inperiod t. The real interest rate, denoted r, is constant and equal to 4%. In period0 and 1, the money supply is 100 and people expect that money supply wouldbe 100 forever. People have rational expectations. In period 2, the central banksurprises people and sets the money supply will grow at 2 percent forever, that is,M0 = 100, M1 = 100, M2 = (1.02)M1, M3 = (1.02)M2, and so on. A . Find the inflation rate, nominal interest rate, real money balance in period 1,and expected inflation in period 2, given the information available in period1, π1, i1, M1 / P1 and, E1π2. B . Find the inflation rate, nominal interest rate, real money balance in period 2, and expected inflation in period 3, given the information available in period 2, π2, i2, M2 / P2 and E2π3. C . Compare E1π2 and π2.Suppose the money demand function is = 1000 + 0.2Y - 1000 (r + πe). Required (a.) Calculate velocity if Y = 2000, r = 0.06, and πe = 0.04. (b.) If the money supply (Ms) is 2600, what is the price level? (c.) Now suppose the real interest rate rises to 0.11, but Y and Ms are unchanged. What happens to velocity and the price level? (d.) For part (c.), if the nominal interest rate were to rise from 0.10 to 0.15 over the course of a year, with Y remaining at 2000, what would the inflation rate be?Assume that next year’s wage rate will be 3 percent higher than this year’s because of inflationary expectations. The actual inflation rate is 4 percent. At the beginning of next year, will the real wage be higher, lower, or the same as today? Explain. Assume that Mark gets a fixed-rate loan from a bank when the expected inflation rate is 3 percent. If the actual inflation rate turns out to be 4 percent, who benefits from the unexpected inflation: Mark, the bank, neither, or both? Explain. How does each of the following changes affect the real gross domestic product and price level of an open economy in the short run? Explain. The depreciation of the country’s currency in the foreign exchange market.
- Consider an economy in which the demand for money is of the formMt =(1/v) PtYfor t = 0, 1, 2, · · · , where output is 150, the money velocity is 1.5. The money supplyis 100 for t = 0, 1. In period 2, the central bank surprises people and announcethat money supply will grow at 2 percent forever, that is, M0 = 100, M1 = 100,M2 = (1.02)M1, M3 = (1.02)M2, and so on a. What is the inflation rate in period 1, π1? What is real money balance in period 1, M1 / P1? What is the expected inflation in period 2, given the informationavailable in period 1, E1π2? b. What is the inflation rate in period 2, π2? What is real money balance inperiod 2, M2/P2? What is expected inflation in period 3, given the informationavailable in period 2, E2π3? c. 4. Compare E1π2 and π2.2.1 Money demand in an economy in which no interest is paid on money is Md/P =1000 + 0.4Y- 100i (a) Given that P = 100, Y = 1000, and i = 0.10. Find real money demand, nominal money demand, and velocity.(6)(b)The price level doubles from P =100 to P = 200. Find real money demand, nominal money demand, and velocity.( c) Starting from the variables given in part (a) and assuming that the money demand function as written holds, determine how velocity is affected by an increase in real income, (ii) an increase in the nominal interest rate, (iii) an increase in the price level.The supply of credit cards is given by q = 1400X, where X are real credit card balances, q isthe real price of the credit card balance. You also know that R = 0.05 (nominal interest rate)and P = 100. Answer the following questions about this:(a) If the money supply is M s= $5, 000, if P = 100 is the equilibrium price level, find Y (realoutput).(b) Suppose that the Federal Reserve Bank decides to increase the money supply by 10%.How much is the inflation rate as a result? Explain and justify your answer. (c) Further suppose that at the same time, real output, Y , increases by 10%. Now what isthe inflation rate? Does our quantity theory of money hold here? Note:- Do not provide handwritten solution. Maintain accuracy and quality in your answer. Take care of plagiarism. Answer completely. You will get up vote for sure.