▼surplus is the difference between the highest price a consumer is willing pay and the price the consumer actually pays. This component of economic surplus illustrated in the diagram by area B с Quantity (per time period) Do Q Q
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- Please answer parts c, d and e only Andy owns a valuable postage stamp he values at 1,000 dollars. Betty wants to add this stamp to her collection and is willing to pay 1,200 dollars for it. By email, Andy and Betty reach an agreement that Andy will sell Betty this rare stamp for 1,100 dollars. Christine contacts Andy and offers to pay 1.500 to Andy for the stamp because Christine values this stamp at 1,800 dollars. (a) What surplus amount was generated by the original email contract? Why is this amount suboptimal? (b) Andy contacts Betty by email and advises her that he wants a higher price from her because Christine has offered 1,500 dollars for the stamp. Instead of renegotiation, Betty tells Andy that she will be seeking specific performance, a court order that Andy perform the original 1,100 dollar contract. How will specific performance affect the allocation and redistribution of surplus among Andy, Betty and Christine? If transaction costs = 0, would there be a renegotiated…as a result of a $6 per unit tax imposed on this product, consumer surplus changes from:The inverse demand function of a group of consumers for a given type of widgets is given by the following expression: π=−10q+2000 $ ( I ) where q is the demand and π is the unit price for this product. A. Determine the maximum consumption of these consumers. B. Determine the price that no consumer is prepared to pay for this product. C. Determine the maximum net consumers’ surplus. Explain why the consumers will not be able to realize this surplus. D. For a price π of 1000 $/unit, calculate the consumption, the consumers’ gross surplus, the revenue collected by the producers, and the consumers’ net surplus. E. If the price π increases by 20% (The new price π=1200), calculate the change in consumption and the change in the revenue collected by the producers. F. What is the price elasticity of demand for this product and this group of consumers when the price π is 1000 $/unit. G. Derive an expression for the gross consumers’ surplus. H. The supply function for the widget…
- Suppose a tax is set at t’ in the figure. How many units of emissions are ABATED and is abatement achieved cost effectively? Suppose a regulation has just been implemented requiring that coal-fired power plants pay a tax of $80 on each unit of emissions (1 unit is 1 metric ton). Before the tax was imposed, a plant called Old River Power had an emissions level of 100 units. Given a marginal abatement cost function of 200 – 2E, under the tax policy what will Old River Power pay the regulator in emissions taxes?A concert promoter has been selling 280 T-shirts on average at performances for $17 each. They estimate that for each dollar they lower the price, they will sell an additional 40 shirts. Find the demand function for the shirts. (Write the function in terms of price p and number of T-shirts sold q.) And calculate the consumer surplus if the shirts are sold for $13 each. Note:- Do not provide handwritten solution. Maintain accuracy and quality in your answer. Take care of plagiarism. Answer completely. You will get up vote for sureVodafone has one of the world’s largest mobile communications networks, with 83,900 employees serving over 370 million customers across more than 30 countries. With 2,200 retail stores and a further 10,300 branded franchises throughout the world. Vodafone products include messaging services for businesses and consumers, smartphones, mobile handsets and tablets. . Its current strategy is aimed at increasing the ‘average revenue per user’ through offering more and more added value mobile services. Detlef Schultz, winner of the 2011 Procurement Leader Award, was brought in to be the Global Supply Chain Management Director and chief executive officer of the Vodafone Procurement Company. His role was to not only manage the complexity of the procurement and supply chains for both goods and services but also fundamentally transform several fragmented supply chains into a single global function. The Vodafone Procurement Company was set up in 2008 with its headquarters based in Luxembourg.…
- A few years ago, the Boston Globe reported that the city of Boston planned to spend $14 million to convert the FleetCenter sports arena and entertainment center into an appropriate venue for the Democratic National Convention (DNC). The city engaged Shawmut Design and Construction in a contractual relationship to complete the work, which was supposed to start 48 days prior to the commencement of the DNC on July 26. However, when negotiations between Boston’s mayor and the police union broke down, the Boston Police Patrolmen’s Association took to the picket lines surrounding the FleetCenter and prevented construction crews from beginning the work. The Globe reported that “a truck attempting to deliver steel turned around after a crowd of union members stood at a chain-link gate in front of the arena, shouting ‘back it up,’ and ‘respect the line, buddy.’” Moreover, the Globe reported that “On-duty police officers, who had been instructed to prevent pickets from restricting access, did…Pharmaceutical Benefits Managers (PBMs) are intermediaries between upstream drug manufacturers and downstream insurance companies. They design formularies (lists of drugs that insurance will cover) and negotiate prices with drug companies. PBMs want a wider variety of drugs available to their insured populations, but at low prices. Suppose that a PBM is negotiating with the makers of two non-drowsy allergy drugs, Claritin and Allegra, for inclusion on the formulary. The “value” or “surplus” created by including one non-drowsy allergy drug on the formulary is $80 million, but the value of adding a second drug is only $24 million. Assume the PBM bargains by telling each drug company that it's going to reach an agreement with the other drug company. Under the non-strategic view of bargaining, the PBM would earn a surplus of_____million, while each drug company would earn a surplus of ________million. Now suppose the two drug companies merge. What is the likely post merger bargaining…Average and marginal profit Let C(x) represent the cost ofproducing x items and p(x) be the sale price per item if x items aresold. The profit P(x) of selling x items is P(x) = xp(x) - C(x)(revenue minus costs). The average profit per item when x items aresold is P(x)/x and the marginal profit is dP/dx. The marginal profitapproximates the profit obtained by selling one more item, given that x items have already been sold. Consider the following cost functions Cand price functions p.a. Find the profit function P.b. Find the average profit function and the marginal profit function.c. Find the average profit and the marginal profit if x = a units are sold.d. Interpret the meaning of the values obtained in part (c). C(x) = -0.02x2 + 50x + 100, p(x) = 100 - 0.1x, a = 500
- In an unregulated, competitive market we could calculate consumer surplus if we knew the equations representing supply and demand. For this problem assume that supply and demand are as follows: Supply P = 4 + 0.116Q Demand P = 25 - 0.10Q where P represents unit price in dollars and Q represents the number of units sold each year. Calculate the annual value of aggregate consumer surplus.In the sesame market where the market demand function is QD = 22 - 3P and the supply function is QS = -10 + 5P; By showing the values you found while calculating on the figure, producer and consumer surplus clearly indicate their areas. (Note: use one digit after the comma for fractional results and do not round.)The buyer for Christmas items for a large department store is trying to determine prices for this year’s merchandise. Her manager indicated that the maintained gross margin for these items should be 45 percent of total sales. Last year, markdown reductions amounted to 25 percent of last year’s total dollar sales of Christmas items. Given that the buyer can assume that this year’s markdown percentage will be similar to last year’s, what is the initial gross margin that she should use? Given your answer to Part (a), if a lighted Santa Claus lawn ornament costs the retailer $25.30, what should be its initial retail price? Briefly explain what price segmentation is. When retail markdowns are used as a means of price segmentation, which of the six price-segmentation fences described in the course is being used? Explain your answer.