the 2's complement of a 4-bit binary number. Use one full adder, 3 half adders and any ad- ditional gates (D).

Q: How many bit strings of length 10 either begin with three 0s or end with two 0s?

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Q: The International Telecommunications Union (ITU) specifies that a telephone number must consist of a…

A: Consider a telephone number with at most 15 digits. The telephone number must consist of a country…

Q: Each character in a password is either a digit [0-9] or lowercase letter (a-z). How many valid…

A: To calculate the number of valid passwords that can be created using digits [0,9] or lowercase…

Q: If U is encrypted as B by shift cipher transformation then decrypt the message WMPGLY using the same…

A:

Q: (a) How many bit strings of length 10 either begin with 2 Os or end with 2 1s? (inclusive or)

A:

Q: Each character in a password is either a digit [0-9] or lowercase letter [a-z]. How many valid…

A: We need to find the total number of valid passwords with given restrictions. The solution is given…

Q: Compute C5,2. (Enter an exact number.)

A: Obtain the value of C5,2. The value of C5,2 is obtained below:   Combination: A combination is a…

Q: Write down the Boolean expressions corresponding to the digital circuits shown below : 9|Page

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Q: How many binary strings of length 18 have the same number of zeros as ones?

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Q: It is the study of techniques and protocols to conceal and secure information by us- ing mathematics…

A: There are certain terms are used to represent specific areas of study.

Q: The number of ways of forming 4 digits code in which no digit repeated, will be Select one: О 5400 O…

A: Let, n = 10 r = 4 The formula for permutation is : Prn=n!(n-r)!

Q: How many 10-bit strings are there if the string must start with 001 or 10?

A: By using the given information the solution is given as follows

Q: How many different 16- bit strings contain exactly 4 1s?

A: According to the given information the total number of bits in a string is 16.It is needed to…

Q: Encrypt the message ATTACK using the RSA system with n = 43 · 59 and e = 13, translating each letter…

A:

Q: If 8 decimal digits only are allowed, then the chopped representation of the number 0.123456789 is…

A: Here the number is given as 0.123456789 We need till 8 decimal places If the 9th decimal place is…

Q: How many phone numbers are possible in the (404) area code of the form ABC-XXXX if: A is restricted…

A: number of ways in which A can be selected (2-9) = 8 ways  number of ways in which B can be selected…

Q: Express the Vigen`ere cipher as a cryptosystem.

A:

Q: Assume they are used for an encryption in Hill ciphers. In each case, find two plaintexts that…

A: The matrices given are as follows: 1322  and  131242351 For 1322 Let x1y1  and  x2y2 be two plain…

Q: Use the Caesar cipher (shift of 3 places) to encrypt BRAVE

A: Since, A=0               O=14B=1               P=15C=2              Q=16D=3              R=17E=4…

Q: y needs temporary passwords for the trial of a new payroll software. Each password will E igits 3…

A:

Q: Once the length of the key string of a Vig`enere cipher is known, explain how to determine each of…

A: The length of the key's known. Let its k. therefore the text is going to be divided into groups of k…

Q: A technology company is going to issue new ID codes to its employees. Each code will have two…

A: We have to find out answer of given question....

Q: Decode the cipher text " 99, 38, 154, 58, 115, 43, 121, 43, 20, 7, 149, 56, 86, 29, 196 , 73, 99,…

A: V↔99 M↔38 Y↔154 G↔58 L↔115 R↔43 R↔121 R↔43

Q: Suppose each license plate in a certain state has four letters followed by two digits. The letters…

A: When the repetition is allowed in formation the general formula for calculating the possibility is…

Q: The ciphertext OIKYWVHBX was produced by encrypting a plaintext message using the Vigen`ere cipher…

A:

Q: Suppose we decide to use Data Encryption Standard (DES) for data encryption. Given the initial…

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Q: When a binary operation is performed on two elements in a set and the result is the identity element…

A: When a binary operation is performed on two elements in a set and the result is the identity element…

Q: A ROM which can be programmed is called a 1. MOR 2. A 32 x 10 ROM contains a decoder. 3. The various…

A: We have given the multiple choice questions...

Q: The code 39 is a common bar code system that consists of narrow and wide bars (black) separated by…

A: Solution:   There are 5 bars out of which exactly 2 are allowed to be white.

Q: If the given encrypted text is " VTXDUH" then the decrypted text using Caesar cipher will be, O…

A: The correct option is SQUARE. Use the given options to decrypt the given text. All the options has…

Q: If the given encrypted text is " PDWULA" then the decrypted text using Caesar cipher will be,

A: According to historical records, Caesar always used a shift of 3. As long as message recipient knew…

Q: A library has 5000 books, and the librarian wants to encode each using a code- word consisting of 3…

A: Given, A library has 5000 books and the librarian wants to encode each book using a code-word…

Q: How many three digit passcode can be made from the digits 0-9in the first number is not allowed to…

A:

Q: A technology company is going to issue new ID codes to its employees. Each code will have two…

A: As each id code will have two letters, followed by one digit, followed by one letter thus,

Q: If the given plain text is "METHOD " then the encrypted text using Caesar cipher will be, O PHWIRG O…

A:

Q: Convert 5.5*10^4 seconds to us, and then write a code into Matlab.

A: We need to convert 5.5*10^4 seconds to micro-seconds. In order to do so, we will use the conversion…

Q: What is the bit string corresponding to the symmetric difference of two sets?

A:

Q: If 8 decimal digits only are allowed, then the chopped representation of the number 0.123456789 is…

A: Rule is that,  if the 9th digit is greater tha 5 the the 8th digit will be add by 1

Q: How many 4-digit codes can be formed from the digits 1,3,5,7, and 9 if repetition of digits is not…

A:

Q: the minimum and maximum numbers that can be represented in two’s complement in 6 bits?

A: We have to find the minimum and maximum numbers that can be represented in two’s complement in 6…

Q: Consider a binary code with 5 bits (0, 1 or 2) in each code word. An example of a code word is…

A: Hello! As you have posted 2 different questions, we are answering the first question (4-2). In case…

Q: The message VAADENWCNHREDEYA was encrypted using the 2 3 4 [1 [2 4 1 Decrypt it. permutation a =

A: Given: Word- VAADENWCNHREDEYA

Q: how long will it take for the password to be compromised?

A: Here use combination

Q: How many 9-bit strings start with 101 or end with 10 or both?

A: How many 9-bit strings start with 101 or end with 10 or both. There are 9-bits, and we start with…

Q: Suppose each license plate in a certain state has one digit, followed by four letters, followed by…

A: FORMAT of number = 9AAAA9 (1 number, 4 letters, 1 number) A license plate has six spaces to be…

Q: A security code of four digits from digits 0 to 9 must be entered in a definite order. How many…

A: From the information given in the question we know that, Repetition of digits is allowed The…

Q: (a) How many bit strings of length 8 are there? (b) How many bit strings of length 8 or less are…

A:

Q: Which of the following code will represent the term “DO NOT CHEAT” if encoded or encrypted in shift…

A: concept: There are two types of shif 3 possible one is right shift 3 and other is left shift 3. In…