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- An example of a customer-value-added activity is: Select one: a. addition of an employee hotline for workplace complaints b. shortening the customers' billing cycle. c. final painting and polishing of the product d. maintenance of an adequate safety stock e. installation of a computerized human resource management modulePaula Woodward is the head of the Information Systems Department at Mo Manufacturing Company. Roland Randolph, the company’s controller, is meeting with her to discuss changes in data gathering that relate to the company’s new flexible manufacturing system. Woodward opens the conversation by saying, “Roland, the old job order costing methods just will not work with the new flexible manufacturing system. The new system is based on continuous product flow, not batch processing. We need to change to a process costing system for both data gathering and product costing. Otherwise, our product costs will be way off, and it will affect our pricing decisions. I found out about this at a professional seminar I attended last month. You should have been there.” Randolph responds, “Job order costing has provided accurate information for this product line for more than 15 years. Why should we change just because we’ve purchased a new machine? We’ve purchased several machines for this line over the…For each of the following activities, select the most appropriate cost driver. Each cost driver may be used only once. Activity Cost Driver 1. Pay vendors Answer 2. Evaluate vendors Answer 3. Inspect raw materials Answer 4. Plan for purchases of raw materials Answer 5. Packaging Answer 6. Supervision Answer 7. Employee training Answer 8. Clean tables Answer 9. Machine maintenance Answer 10. Move in-process product from one work station to the next Answer
- The following activities occur at Greenwich Corporation, a company that manufactures a variety of products.a. Receive raw materials from suppliers.b. Manage parts inventories.c. Do rough milling work on products.d. Interview and process new employees in the personnel department.e. Design new products.f. Perform periodic preventive maintenance on general-use equipment.g. Use the general factory building.h. Issue purchase orders for a job.Required:Classify each of the activities above as either a unit-level, batch-level, product-level, or organization-sustaining activity.From the choices presented in parentheses, choose the appropriate term for completing each of the following sentences:a. The phase of the management process that uses process information to eliminate the source of problems in a process so that the process delivers the correct product in the correct quantities is called (directing, improving).b. Direct labor costs combined with factory overhead costs are called (prime, conversion) costs.c. The salaries of salespeople are normally considered a (period, product) cost.d. The plant manager’s salary would be considered (direct, indirect) to the product.e. Long-term plans are called (strategic, operational) plans.f. Materials for use in production are called (supplies, materials inventory).g. An example of factory overhead is (electricity used to run assembly line, CEO salary).Amber Company produces custom framing. For one job, the trainee assigned to cut the mat set the mat dimensions incorrectly into the computer. The mat was unusable and had to be discarded; another mat was cut to the correct dimensions. How is the cost of the spoiled mat handled? What additional costs can occur with the spoiled mat? What about retraining for the employee or punishment costs?
- a. Describe the flow of costs through a product costing system. What specific accounts are involved and how are they used? b. When a single volume based cost driver is used to apply manufacturing overhead, what is the managerial accountant's primary objective in selecting the cost driver? c. Assume Kardan university has decided to replace all professors with teaching robots. How might this switch impact on the university's choice of cost driver as the basis for overhead application? Explain.Indicate whether each item a through e is a feature of a job order or process operation. a. Diverse products and services b. Routine, repetitive procedures c. Low product flexibility d. Low production volume e. Low product standardizationWhich of the following statements is not always true? Question 3 options: The job - order costing system is used by manufacturing companies. All costs used in job - ordering costing are actual costs. The job - order cost sheet is subsidiary to the work - in - process account. The job - order costing system is simpler to use than process costing because the record keeping requirements are less.
- As a plant accountant, you have been directed by the new plant manager to expense all manufacturing costs as they are incurred. Do you agree with this directive? Explain your answer, including comments concerning product and period costs.You mention changes and revisions to the standard cost systems. If you were the Operations manager of a manufacturing firm, what control would you have in place to assure those changes were proper and accurate? What assertions would apply here?Tom Young, vice president of Dunn Company (a producer of plastic products), has been supervising the implementation of an activity-based cost management system. One of Toms objectives is to improve process efficiency by improving the activities that define the processes. To illustrate the potential of the new system to the president, Tom has decided to focus on two processes: production and customer service. Within each process, one activity will be selected for improvement: molding for production and sustaining engineering for customer service. (Sustaining engineers are responsible for redesigning products based on customer needs and feedback.) Value-added standards are identified for each activity. For molding, the value-added standard calls for nine pounds per mold. (Although the products differ in shape and function, their size, as measured by weight, is uniform.) The value-added standard is based on the elimination of all waste due to defective molds (materials is by far the major cost for the molding activity). The standard price for molding is 15 per pound. For sustaining engineering, the standard is 60 percent of current practical activity capacity. This standard is based on the fact that about 40 percent of the complaints have to do with design features that could have been avoided or anticipated by the company. Current practical capacity (the first year) is defined by the following requirements: 18,000 engineering hours for each product group that has been on the market or in development for five years or less, and 7,200 hours per product group of more than five years. Four product groups have less than five years experience, and 10 product groups have more. There are 72 engineers, each paid a salary of 70,000. Each engineer can provide 2,000 hours of service per year. There are no other significant costs for the engineering activity. For the first year, actual pounds used for molding were 25 percent above the level called for by the value-added standard; engineering usage was 138,000 hours. There were 240,000 units of output produced. Tom and the operational managers have selected some improvement measures that promise to reduce non-value-added activity usage by 30 percent in the second year. Selected actual results achieved for the second year are as follows: The actual prices paid per pound and per engineering hour are identical to the standard or budgeted prices. Required: 1. For the first year, calculate the non-value-added usage and costs for molding and sustaining engineering. Also, calculate the cost of unused capacity for the engineering activity. 2. Using the targeted reduction, establish kaizen standards for molding and engineering (for the second year). 3. Using the kaizen standards prepared in Requirement 2, compute the second-year usage variances, expressed in both physical and financial measures, for molding and engineering. (For engineering, explain why it is necessary to compare actual resource usage with the kaizen standard.) Comment on the companys ability to achieve its targeted reductions. In particular, discuss what measures the company must take to capture any realized reductions in resource usage.