The acetyl group shuttle transfers the acetyl group of acetyl-CoA, produced by oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate in themitochondrion, to the cytosol.What is the overall equation for the transfer of one acetyl group from the mitochondrion to the cytosol?Acetyl-CoA,(mit)+What is the cost of thicost of shuttling an adATP + CoA (cyt)CoA (cyt) +NADH + H+2 ATPNAD+ +ATPcitrate + ATP→acetyl-CoA (cyt) +roup?NADH + H+ +ADP +P;ADP + P + CoA (mit)CoA (mit)oxaloacetate + ADP + P₁2 ADP + 2 P₁+ NAD+ATP(s) What is the cost of this process in ATPs per acetyl group?cost of shuttling an acetyl group:ATP(s)The acyl group shuttle transfers fatty acyl-CoA from the cytosol to the mitochondrion in preparation for ß oxidation, separatingthe mitochondrial and cytosolic pools of CoA.Does the acetyl group shuttle also keep mitochondrial and cytosolic pools of CoA separate?Yes, because the shuttle requires the release of one mitochondrial CoA and the input of one cytosolic CoA.Yes, because CoA formed in the mitochondrion remains in the mitochondrion, whereas CoA formed in the cytosolremains in the cytosol.No, because CoA can diffuse across the inner mitochondrial membrane.No, because there is no cytosolic pool of CoA because CoA is formed in the mitochondrion.

Acetyl CoA is produced in mitochondria and cannot leave mitochondria so it combines with…

The acetyl group shuttle transfers the acetyl group of acetyl-CoA, produced by oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate in the mitochondrion, to the cytosol. What is the overall equation for the transfer of one acetyl group from the mitochondrion to the cytosol? Acetyl-CoA (mit) + What is the cost of thi cost of shuttling an a ATP + CoA (cyt) CoA (cyt) 2 ATP +NADH + H+ NAD++ATP citrate + ATP acetyl-CoA (cyt) + roup? NADH + H+ +ADP + P; ADP + P + CoA (mit) + NAD+ CoA (mit) oxaloacetate + ADP + P₁ 2 ADP + 2 P₁ ATP(s)

The acetyl group shuttle transfers the acetyl group of acetyl-CoA, produced by oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate in the mitochondrion, to the cytosol. What is the overall equation for the transfer of one acetyl group from the mitochondrion to the cytosol? Acetyl-CoA (mit) + What is the cost of thi cost of shuttling an a ATP + CoA (cyt) CoA (cyt) 2 ATP +NADH + H+ NAD++ATP citrate + ATP acetyl-CoA (cyt) + roup? NADH + H+ +ADP + P; ADP + P + CoA (mit) + NAD+ CoA (mit) oxaloacetate + ADP + P₁ 2 ADP + 2 P₁ ATP(s)

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter19: The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 22P: Study Figure 19.18 and decide which of the following statements is false. Pyruvate dehydrogenase is...

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The citric acid cycle is a critical sequence of reactions for energy production, which take place in the matrix of the mitochondria. The reaction cycle requires materials from the cytosol to be converted into acetyl CoA, which represents the starting point of a new cycle. Which of the following statements about acetyl CoA is true? (a) Acetyl CoA is recycled at the end of every cycle. (b) Oxaloacetate is attached to acetyl CoA to feed the citric acid cycle. (c) Triacylglycerol molecules are transported into the mitochondrial matrix and cleaved by lipases to produce acetyl CoA. (d) Oxaloacetate is converted directly into acetyl CoA to feed the citric acid cycle
In the first step of the TCA cycle the acetyl group of acetyl-CoA is transferred to oxaloacetate to produce citrate. Where will the carbonyl carbon of that acetyl group be after the first CO2 is expelled? Group of answer choices The first carbon of α-ketoglutarate The last carbon of α-ketoglutarate The fourth carbon of α-ketoglutarate The third carbon of α-ketoglutarate
If oxidation of acetyl-CoA yields 10 ATPs per mole through the citric acidcycle, how many ATPs will be derived from the complete metabolic oxidation of 1 mole of alanine in a mammal? Would the corresponding energyyield in a fish be higher or lower? Why? How much energy would bederived from the metabolic oxidation of 1 mole of isoleucine to CO2, H2O,and NH3? Of tyrosine?
Pyruvate is converted to Acetyl-CoA Select :- a. Through oxidative carboxylation process in the cytoplasm b.Through oxidative decarboxylation process in the mitochondrial matrix C. Through dehydration process in the mitochondrial matrix d.Through glucose-6-phosphatase in the liver
alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase will do which of the following: Select one: a. Pyruvate is decarboxylated to become acetyl-CoA producing NADH and Carbon dioxide b. Succinate is oxidized to become fumarate forming FADH2 c. Succinyl-CoA becomes Succinate and forms one ATP molecule and Coenzyme A-SH d. Oxaloacetate combines with the acetyl from acetyl-CoA to produce Citric acid(citrate) e. Malate is oxidized to become oxaloacetate forming NADH f. Isocitrate and then decarboxylated and oxidized to produce alpha-ketoglutarate, Carbon dioxide and NADH g. Citrate is rearranged to become Isocitrate h. Fumarate is combined with water to become Malate i. alpha-ketoglutarate is oxidized and decarboxylated to produce Succinyl-CoA, Carbon dioxide and NADH
Which of the following statements are TRUE?Multiple answers are accepted for this question a .Two molecules of CO2 are produced each time a molecule of Acetyl-CoA is oxidized. b. During the first turn of the TCA Cycle the carbon atoms of Acetyl-CoA become CO2. c. The number of molecules of ATP that can be produced in the Citric Acid Cycle by substrate level phosphorylation of ADP from two molecules of Acetyl-CoA is 30. d. Fumarate contains a trans double bond. The cis isomer of Fumarate is Maleate which cannot serve as carbon source for a cell. e. Lack of O2 would decrease the rate of the Citric Acid Cycle in red blood cells. f. If a potent inhibitor of Succinyl-CoA Synthetaseis is applied to liver cells both energy production and synthesis of carbohydrate would be affected. g. The overall chemical changes that occur during one complete turn of the Citric Acid Cycle is the complete oxidation of one molecule of Acetyl-CoA plus the production of two molecules of CO2 plus the…
Acetly CoA can quickly enter the citric acid cyle by joining with a C4 compound and forming citrate. Meanwhile, GTP (or ATP) is generated using inorganic phosphate while succinyl CoA is converted to succinate. What is the main reason both acetly CoA and succinyl CoA can perform such work? a. Acetyl CoA and succinyl CoA both contain coenzyme A, which is a high-energy compound. b. Acetyl CoA and succinyl CoA both form an unstable thioester bond with coenzyme A. c. Acetyl CoA and succinyl CoA both bind with inorganic phosphate which is used to generate ATP (or GTP). d. Acetyl CoA and succinyl CoA both transiently form a covalent bond with the enzymes that catalyze the next reaction, pyruvate dehydrogenase and succinyl-CoA synthetase, respectively. e. Acetyl CoA and succinyl CoA use the energy collected from the electron transport chain.
How similar of an effect would a mutation in pyruvate dehydrogenase have, compared to a mutation in pyruvate carboxylase that blocks its ability to be regulated by acetyl-CoA?
Complete the following description of the mechanism of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by using words provided. Not all words will be used. Each word will be used only one time. Three enzymes of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex work together to catalyze the production of Acetyl CoA from Pyruvate. First, a 2-carbon unit composed of Carbons # ____ and ____ of Pyruvate are added to the co-enzyme ______ and whereas Carbon # ______ leaves as CO. The C-2 unit together with the co-enzyme is called ______ .The C-2 unit is then transferred to the 2nd co-enzyme ____, which is initially in it ___ state. The enzyme that catalyzes this step is ______.From here, the C-2 unit is transferred to form a _____ linkage with CoA-SH to generate_____
How many cycles of "citric acid cycle" are necessary to reveal the "C" that come from acetyl-CoA that take place in the first cycle known as "CO2"?
The same reactions that were seen in the process of converting pyruvate to acetyl-S-CoA, occur in step ____ of the citric acid cycle as ____________ is converted to _________________.
One consequence of ethanol addiction is fatty liver disease, an illness in which liver cells accumulate large amounts of triacylglycerols, the esters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Ethanol is oxidized in the cytoplasm of liver cells by alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase to yield acetate and 2 NADH. Acetate is then transported into the mitochondrion, where it is converted to acetyl-CoA and metabolized in the citric acid cycle. When alcohol is consumed in excessive quantities, the resulting high levels of NADH cause metabolic abnormalities, one of which is high levels of fatty acid synthesis. Fatty acid synthesis, also a cytoplasmic process, uses acetyl-CoA as a substrate and NADPH as a reducing agent. Speculate about how a high level of cytoplasmic NADH provides a source of NADPH for fatty acid synthesis.