The aggregate demand curve is represented by which of the following equations? O a) AD - Price level + Real GDP O b) AD - Unemployment + Inflation O9 AD = Consumption Spending + Investment Spending + Government Spending + Net Exports d) AD Wages+ Rent + Income O e) AD - Nominal Income + Real Income
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- What effects would each of the following have on aggregate demandor aggregate supply, other things equal? In each case explain the expectedeffects on the equilibrium price level and the level of real output, assumingthat the price level is flexible both upward and downward. · A reduction in interest rates at each price level.· A major increase in spending for health care by the Federalgovernment.· A 10 percent across-the-board reduction in personal income taxrates.· A sizable increase in labor productivity (with no change innominal wages).· An increase in exports that exceeds an increase in imports (notdue to tariffs).Suppose that a hypothetical economy has the following relationship between its real output and the input quantities necessary for producing that output: a. What is productivity in this economy?b. What is the per-unit cost of production if the price of each input unit is $2?c. Assume that the input price increases from $2 to $3 with no accompanying change in productivity. What is the new per-unit cost of production? In what direction would the $1 increase in input price push the economy’s aggregate supply curve? What effect would this shift of aggregate supply have on the price level and the level of real output?d. Suppose that the increase in input price does not occur but, instead, that productivity increases by 100 percent. What would be the new per-unit cost of production? What effect would this change in per-unit production cost have on the economy’s aggregate supply curve? What effect would this shift of aggregate supply have on the price level and the level of real output?11. Which of he following statements accurately explain the scenario illustrated by these diagrams? a) Assuming ADo and AEo are the original positions of the AD and AE curves respectively, the original situation illustrated is on of a recessionary gap of 10. b) To restore full-employment equilibrium Aggregate Expenditures must be increased to AE1 which is equivalent to shifting the AD curve to AD1 c) Because the short-run Aggregate Supply (AS) curve is upward sloping, the shift in AD will be associated with some products price inflation. This will cause the AE curve to decline from AE1 to AE* because of the wealth, interest rate, and trade effects of inflation. d) All the above. e) Only (a) and (b) are true f) None of the above.
- 1-What is the general relationship between a country's price level and the quantitiy of it's domestic output (Real GDP) demanded? Who are the buyers of real US GDP? 2- what assumptions cause the immediate -short-run aggregate supply curve to be horizontal? why is the long-run aggregate supply curve vertical? Explain the shape of the short-run aggregate supply curve . Why is the short-run curve relatively flat to the left of the full employment output and relatively steep to the right ? 3- why does a reduction in aggregate demand tend to reduce real output, rather than the price level? 4- Explain" unemployment can be caused by a decrease of aggregate demand or a decrease of aggregate supply ."In each case , specify the price level outcomes . 5- In early 2001 investment spending declined in the USA. In the 2 months follwing september , 11 2001 attacks on the US, consumption also declined . Use Ad-AS analysis to show the two impacts on Real GDP. 6- Using the concept of the multiplier ,…18 - : If aggregate demand increases in an economy while aggregate demand is constant in the short run, which of the following statements is correct for the new equilibrium point?A) price decreases and national income increasesB) price rises national income risesC) price increases and national income does not changeD) price goes up and national income goes downE) price decreases and national income decreases.19 - : In which of the following expressions is the equation of change given correctly?A) MV=VK B) MT=PV C) MV=PT D) MP=VY E) MV=PQuestion 7 The model of aggregate demand and aggregate supply Answer is different from the model of supply and demand for a particular market, in that we cannot focus on the substitution of resources between markets to explain aggregate relationships. is different from the model of supply and demand for a particular market, in that we have to separate real and nominal variables in the aggregate model. is a straightforward extension of the model of supply and demand for a particular market, in which substitution of resources between markets is highlighted. is a straightforward extension of the model of supply and demand for a particular market, in which the interaction between real and nominal variables is highlighted. Question 8 When the price level falls the quantity of Answer consumption goods demanded rises, while the quantity of net exports demanded falls consumption goods demanded and the quantity of net exports demanded both rise. consumption goods demanded and the quantity of…
- What are the factors other than price that can shift aggregate demand curve interms of investment and consumption? Also explain graphically.Real GDP Real GDPDemanded, Price Level Supplied,Billions (Price Index) Billions$100 300 $450200 250 400300 200 300400 150 200500 100 100 Use these sets of data to graph the aggregate demandand aggregate supply curves. What is the equilibriumprice level and the equilibrium level of real output inthis hypothetical economy? Is the equilibrium real output also necessarily the full-employment real output?Explain.b. Why will a price level of 150 not be an equilibriumprice level in this economy? Why not 250?c. Suppose that buyers desire to purchase $200 billion ofextra real output at each price level. Sketch in the newaggregate demand curve as AD1. What factors mightcause this change in aggregate demand? What is thenew equilibrium price level and level of real output?Why is the aggregate demand curve downsloping? Mention three ways of explanations to answer this. Specify how your explanation differs from the explanation for the downsloping demand curve for a single product.
- Assume that (a)the price level is flexible upward but not downward and (b) the economy iscurrently operating at its full-employment output. Other things equal, how willeach of the following affect the equilibrium price level and equilibrium levelof real output in the short run?· An increase in aggregate demand.· A decrease in aggregate supply, with no change in aggregatedemand.· Equal increases in aggregate demand and aggregate supply.· A decrease in aggregate demand.· An increase in aggregate demand that exceeds an increase inaggregate supply.Suppose that the economy's long-run output level is produces accourding to the following production funciton: Y= AK^1/2L^1/2 (will attach picture of the function) and that A = 5, K = 400 and L = 100 A. What is the economic meaning of the powers of K and L? B. What is the level of output ? produced when the economy in long-run equilibrium. C. Suppose that aggregate demand in the economy is described by the following equation:Y^d = m/kP Where M is the money supply, P is the price level and k = 1/V (velocity of money). Explain carefully where this equation is derived from and its interpretation D. Suppose that M = 2000 and that k = 2. What is the price level P at which the economy is in long-run- equilibrium? Plot such an equilibrium on a diagram with P on the vertical axis and Y on the horizontal axis, by distinguishing between the short-run and the long-run equilibrium. E. Now suppose that starting from the equilibrium of (b) and (c), the Central Bank increases M to 3000. Calculate…Refer to the table below. Real Output Demanded, Billions Price Level Real Output Supplied, Billions $ 506 108 $ 513 508 104 512 510 100 510 512 96 507 514 92 502 Instructions: Enter your anwers as whole numbers. A). What is the equilibrium level of output? What is the equilibrium price level? B). Suppose that aggregate demand increases such that the amount of real output demanded rises by $ 7 billion at each price level. Insert the new values for real output demanded in the table below. Real Output Demanded, Billions New Real Output Demanded, Billions Price Level Real Output Supplied, Billions $ 506 108 $ 513 508 104 512 510 100 510 512 96 507 514 92 502 What is the new equilibrium level of output? What is the new equilibrium price level? By what percentage will the price level increase? Will this inflation be demand-pull inflation or will it be cost-push inflation? C) If potential real GDP ( that is, full-employment GDP) is $ 510…
