Chemistry 10th Edition
ISBN: 9781305957404
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
1 Chemical Foundations 2 Atoms, Molecules, And Ions 3 Stoichiometry 4 Types Of Chemical Reactions And Solution Stoichiometry 5 Gases 6 Thermochemistry 7 Atomic Structure And Periodicity 8 Bonding: General Concepts 9 Covalent Bonding: Orbitals 10 Liquids And Solids 11 Properties Of Solutions 12 Chemical Kinetics 13 Chemical Equilibrium 14 Acids And Bases 15 Acid-base Equilibria 16 Solubility And Complex Ion Equilibria 17 Spontaneity, Entropy, And Free Energy 18 Electrochemistry 19 The Nucleus: A Chemist's View 20 The Representative Elements 21 Transition Metals And Coordination Chemistry 22 Organic And Biological Molecules Chapter10: Liquids And Solids
Chapter Questions Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: What are intermolecular forces? How do they differ from intramolecular forces? What are... Problem 2RQ: Define the following terms and describe how each depends on the strength of the intermolecular... Problem 3RQ: Compare and contrast solids, liquids, and gases. Problem 4RQ Problem 5RQ: What is a lattice? What is a unit cell? Describe a simple cubic unit cell. How many net atoms are... Problem 6RQ: What is closest packing? What is the difference between hexagonal closest packing and cubic closest... Problem 8RQ: Describe, in general, the structures of ionic solids. Compare and contrast the structure of sodium... Problem 9RQ Problem 10RQ Problem 11RQ: Compare and contrast the phase diagrams of water and carbon dioxide. Why doesn t CO2 have a normal... Problem 1ALQ: It is possible to balance a paper clip on the surface of water in a beaker. lf you add a bit of soap... Problem 2ALQ: Consider a sealed container half-filled with water. Which statement best describes what occurs in... Problem 3ALQ: Explain the following: You add 100 mL water to a 500-mL round-bottom flask and heat the water until... Problem 4ALQ Problem 5ALQ Problem 6ALQ: Why do liquids have a vapor pressure? Do all liquids have vapor pressures? Explain. Do solids... Problem 7ALQ Problem 8ALQ: What is the vapor pressure of water at 100C? How do you know? Problem 9ALQ Problem 10ALQ Problem 11ALQ Problem 12ALQ: Why is N2 a gas at room temperature? Explain why lowering the temperature allows for liquid N2 to... Problem 13ALQ Problem 15Q: In the diagram below, which lines represent the hydrogen bonding? a. the dotted lines between the... Problem 16Q Problem 17Q Problem 18Q: The conductivity of silicon is enhanced by doping. What is doping? Problem 19Q: Atoms are assumed to touch in closest packed structures, yet every closest packed unit cell contains... Problem 20Q: Define critical temperature and critical pressure. In terms of the kinetic molecular theory, why is... Problem 21Q Problem 22Q: Describe what is meant by a dynamic equilibrium in terms of the vapor pressure of a liquid. Problem 23Q Problem 24Q Problem 25Q Problem 26Q Problem 27Q: When wet laundry is hung on a clothesline on a cold winter day, it will freeze but eventually dry.... Problem 29Q: You have three covalent compounds with three very different boiling points. All of the compounds... Problem 30Q Problem 31Q: Compare and contrast the structures of the following solids. a. CO2(s) versus H2O(s) b. NaCl(s)... Problem 32Q: Silicon carbide (SiC) is an extremely hard substance that acts as an electrical insulator. Propose a... Problem 34Q: A common prank on college campuses is to switch the salt and sugar on dining hall tables, which is... Problem 35Q: A plot of In (Pvap) versus 1/T (K) is linear with a negative slope. Why is this the case? Problem 36Q Problem 37E: Identify the most important types of interparticle forces present in the solids of each of the... Problem 38E Problem 39E: Predict which substance in each of the following pairs would have the greater intermolecular forces.... Problem 40E: Consider the compounds CI2, HCI. F2, NaF, and HF. Which compound has a boiling point closest to that... Problem 41E Problem 42E: Consider the following electrostatic potential diagrams: Rank the compounds from lowest to highest... Problem 43E: In each of the following groups of substances, pick the one that has the given property. Justify... Problem 44E Problem 45E: The shape of the meniscus of water in a glass tube is different from that of mercury in a glass... Problem 46E Problem 47E: Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a syrupy liquid with a relatively low vapor pressure and a normal... Problem 48E: Carbon diselenide (CSe2) is a liquid at room temperature. The normal boiling point is l25C, and the... Problem 49E: X rays from a copper X-ray tube ( = 154 pm) were diffracted at an angle of 14.22 degrees by a... Problem 50E: The second-order diffraction (n = 2) for a gold crystal is at an angle of22.20 for X rays of 154 pm.... Problem 51E: A topaz crystal has an interplanar spacing (d) of 1.36 (1 = 1 1010 m). Calculate the wavelength... Problem 52E: X rays of wavelength 2.63 were used to analyze a crystal. The angle of first-order diffraction (n =... Problem 53E: Calcium has a cubic closest packed structure as a solid. Assuming that calcium has an atomic radius... Problem 54E: Nickel has a face-centered cubic unit cell. The density of nickel is 6.84 g/cm3. Calculate a value... Problem 55E: A certain form of lead has a cubic closest packed structure with an edge length of 492 pm. Calculate... Problem 56E: The density of polonium metal is 9.2 g/cm3. If the extended lattice of polonium exhibits a simple... Problem 57E: You are given a small bar of an unknown metal X. You find the density of the metal to be 10.5 g/cm3.... Problem 58E: A metallic solid with atoms in a face-centered cubic unit cell with an edge length of 392 pm has a... Problem 59E: Titanium metal has a body-centered cubic unit cell. The density of titanium is 4.50 g/cm3. Calculate... Problem 60E: Barium has a body-centered cubic structure. If the atomic radius of barium is 222 pm, calculate the... Problem 61E: The radius of gold is 144 pm, and the density is 19.32 g/cm3. Does elemental gold have a... Problem 62E: The radius of tungsten is 137 pm and the density is 19.3 g/cm3. Does elemental tungsten have a... Problem 63E: What fraction of the total volume of a cubic closest packed structure is occupied by atoms? (Hint:... Problem 64E: Iron has a density of 7.86 g/cm3 and crystallizes in a body-centered cubic lattice. Show that only... Problem 65E Problem 66E Problem 67E: Selenium is a semiconductor used in photocopying machines. What type of semiconductor would be... Problem 68E Problem 69E Problem 70E Problem 71E: The structures of some common crystalline substances are shown below. Show that the net composition... Problem 72E: The unit cell for nickel arsenide is shown below. What is the formula of this compound? Problem 73E: Cobalt fluoride crystallizes in a closest packed array of fluoride ions with the cobalt ions filling... Problem 74E: The compounds Na2O, CdS, and ZrI4. all can be described as cubic closest packed anions with the... Problem 75E: What is the formula for the compound that crystallizes with a cubic closest packed array of sulfur... Problem 76E Problem 77E: A certain metal fluoride crystallizes in such a way that the fluoride ions occupy simple cubic... Problem 78E: The structure of manganese fluoride can be described as a simple cubic array of manganese ions with... Problem 79E: The unit cell of MgO is shown below l Does MgO have a structure like that of NaCl or ZnS? If the... Problem 80E: In solid KCl the smallest distance between the centers of a. potassium ion and a chloride ion is 314... Problem 81E: The CsCl structure is a simple cubic array of chloride ions with a cesium ion at the center of each... Problem 82E: MnO has either the NaCI type structure or the CsCI type structure (see Exercise 69). The edge length... Problem 83E: What type of solid will each of the following substances form? a. CO2 b. SiO2 c. Si d. CH4 e. Ru f.... Problem 84E: What type of solid will each of the following substances form? a. diamond b. PH3 c. H2 d. Mg e. KCl... Problem 85E: The memory metal, nitinol, is an alloy of nickel and titanium. It is called a memory metal because... Problem 86E: Superalloys have been made of nickel and aluminum. The alloy owes its strength to the formation of... Problem 87E: Perovskite is a mineral containing calcium, titanium, and oxygen. Two different representations of... Problem 88E: A mineral crystallizes in a cubic closest packed array of oxygen ions with aluminum ions in some of... Problem 89E: Materials containing the elements Y, Ba, Cu, and O that are superconductors (electrical resistance... Problem 90E: The structures of another class of ceramic, high-temperature superconductors are shown in figures... Problem 91E: Plot the following data and determine Hvap for magnesium and lithium. In which metal is the bonding... Problem 92E: From the following data for liquid nitric acid, deter mine its heat of vaporization and normal... Problem 93E: In Breckenridge, Colorado, the typical atmospheric pressure is 520. torr. What is the boiling point... Problem 94E: The temperature inside a pressure cooker is 115C. Calculate the vapor pressure of water inside the... Problem 95E: Diethyl ether (CH3CH2OCH2CH3) was one of the first chemicals used as an anesthetic. At 34.6C,... Problem 96E: Mercury is the only metal that is a liquid at room temperature. When mercury vapor is inhaled, it is... Problem 97E: A substance, X, has the following properties: Specific Heat Capacities Hvap 20.kj/mol C(s) 3.0j/gC... Problem 98E: Use the heating-cooling curve below to answer the following questions. a. What is the freezing point... Problem 99E: The molar heat of fusion of sodium metal is 2.60 kJ/mol, whereas its heat of vaporization is 97.0... Problem 100E Problem 101E: What quantity of energy does it take to convert 0.500 kg ice at 20.C to steam at 250.C? Specific... Problem 103E: An ice cube tray contains enough water at 22.0C to make 18 ice cubes that each has a mass of 30.0 g.... Problem 104E: A 0.250-g chunk of sodium metal is cautiously dropped into a mixture of 50.0 g water and 50.0 g ice,... Problem 105E Problem 106E Problem 107E Problem 108E Problem 109E Problem 110E: Consider the following data for xenon: Triple point: 121C, 280 torr Normal melting point: 112C... Problem 111AE Problem 112AE: Consider the following formulas for n-pentane and neopentane: CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 -Pentane Both... Problem 113AE: Some of the physical properties of H2O and D2O are as follows: Property H2O D2O Density at 20C... Problem 114AE: Rationalize the following boiling points: Problem 115AE: Consider the following vapor pressure versus temperature plot for three different substances: A, B,... Problem 116AE: Consider the following enthalpy changes:... Problem 117AE: Consider the following data for an unknown substance X: Hvap = 20.00 kJ/mol Hfus = 5.00 kJ/mol... Problem 118AE: Consider the data for substance X given in Exercise 117. When the temperature of 1.000 mole of X(g)... Problem 119AE Problem 120AE: Boron nitride (BN) exists in two forms. The first is a slippery solid formed from the reaction of... Problem 121AE Problem 122AE: Argon has a cubic closest packed structure as a solid. Assuming that argon has a radius of 190. pm,... Problem 123AE Problem 124AE: A 20.0-g sample of ice at 10.0C is mixed with 100.0 g water at 80.0C. Calculate the final... Problem 125AE Problem 126AE: Carbon tetrachloride. CCl4, has a vapor pressure of 213 torr at 40.C and 836 torr at 80.C. What is... Problem 127AE: A special vessel (see Fig. 10.45) contains ice and supercooled water (both at 10C) connected by... Problem 128AE Problem 129AE: In regions with dry climates, evaporative coolers are used to cool air. A typical electric air... Problem 131CWP: Which of the following compound(s) exhibit only London dispersion intermolecular forces? Which... Problem 132CWP: Which of the following statements about intermolecular forces is( are) true? a. London dispersion... Problem 133CWP Problem 134CWP: Aluminum has an atomic radius of 143 pm and forms a solid with a cubic closest packed structure.... Problem 135CWP: Pyrolusite is a mineral containing manganese ions and oxide ions. Its structure can best be... Problem 136CWP: The structure of the compound K2O is best described as a cubic closest packed array of ox.ide ions... Problem 137CWP Problem 138CWP: Some ice cubes at 0c with a total mass of 403 g are placed in a microwave oven and subjected to 750.... Problem 139CWP: The enthalpy of vaporization for acetone is 32.0 kJ/mol. The normal boiling point for acetone is... Problem 140CWP Problem 141CP: When I mole of benzene is vaporized at a constant pressure of 1.00 atm and at its boiling point of... Problem 142CP: You and a friend each synthesize a compound with the formula XeCI2F2. Your compound is a liquid and... Problem 143CP Problem 144CP Problem 145CP: Consider two different organic compounds, each with the formula C2H6O. One of these compounds is a... Problem 146CP: Rationalize the differences in physical properties in terms of intermolecular forces for the... Problem 147CP Problem 148CP: Some ionic compounds contain a mixture of different charged cations. For example, wstite is an oxide... Problem 149CP: Some ionic compounds contain a mixture of different charged cations. For example, some titanium... Problem 150CP: Spinel is a mineral that contains 37.9% aluminum, 17.1% magnesium, and 45.0% oxygen, by mass, and... Problem 151CP: Mn crystallizes in the same type of cubic unit cell as Cu. Assuming that the radius of Mn is 5.6%... Problem 152CP: You are asked to help set up a historical display in the park by stacking some cannonballs next to a... Problem 153CP: Some water is placed in a sealed glass container connected to a vacuum pump (a device used to pump... Problem 154CP: The molar enthalpy of vaporization of water at 373 K and 1.00 atm is 40.7 kJ/mol. What fraction of... Problem 155CP Problem 156CP: Rubidium chloride has the sodium chloride structure at normal pressures but assumes the cesium... Problem 157IP Problem 158IP: A metal burns in air at 600c under high pressure to form an oxide with formula MO2. This compound is... Problem 159IP Problem 160MP: General Zod has sold Lex Luthor what Zod claims to be a new copper-colored form of kryptonite, the... Problem 69E
Related questions
The band gap for the elemental semiconductor silicon is 1.11 eV. That energy corresponds to what wavelength and region of the electromagnetic spectrum? (1eV = 1.602 x 10-19 J; 1 nm = 1 x 10-9 )
1.778 x 10E(-19) J; Ultra-violet
1.117 x 10E(-6) nm; Infrared
Interaction between an electric field and a magnetic field.
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