The board of directors of Mystery Entertainment, Inc., wants the CEO to boost return on equity (ROE). During a recent interview, they announced their plan to improve the firm’s financial performance. They will raise the prices on all of the company’s products by 10%. They justify the plan by observing that ROE can be decomposed into the product of profit margin, asset turnover, and financial leverage. By raising prices, it is believed this will increase the profit margin and thus ROE. Is this reasonable? Explain your answer.
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- Paul Duncan, financial manager of EduSoft Inc., is facing a dilemma. The firm was founded 5 years ago to provide educational software for the rapidly expanding primary and secondary school markets. Although EduSoft has done well, the firms founder believes an industry shakeout is imminent. To survive, EduSoft must grab market share now, and this will require a large infusion of new capital. Because he expects earnings to continue rising sharply and looks for the stock price to follow suit, Mr. Duncan does not think it would be wise to issue new common stock at this time. On the other hand, interest rates are currently high by historical standards, and the firms B rating means that interest payments on a new debt issue would be prohibitive. Thus, he has narrowed his choice of financing alternatives to: (1) preferred stock, (2) bonds with warrants, or (3) convertible bonds. As Duncans assistant, you have been asked to help in the decision process by answering the following questions. How does preferred stock differ from both common equity and debt? Is preferred stock more risky than common stock? What is floating rate preferred stock?Consider the following thoughts of a manager at the end of the companys third quarter: If I can increase my reported profit by 2 million, the actual earnings per share will exceed analysts expectations, and stock prices will increase. The stock options that I am holding will become more valuable. The extra income will also make me eligible to receive a significant bonus. With a son headed to college, it would be good if I could cash in some of these options to help pay his expenses. However, my vice president of finance indicates that such an increase is unlikely. The projected profit for the fourth quarter will just about meet the expected earnings per share. There may be ways, though, that I can achieve the desired outcome. First, I can instruct all divisional managers that their preventive maintenance budgets are reduced by 25 percent for the fourth quarter. That should reduce maintenance expenses by approximately 1 million. Second, I can increase the estimated life of the existing equipment, producing a reduction of depreciation by another 500,000. Third, I can reduce the salary increases for those being promoted by 50 percent. And that should easily put us over the needed increase of 2 million. Required: Comment on the ethical content of the earnings management being considered by the manager. Is there an ethical dilemma? What is the right choice for the manager to make? Is there any way to redesign the accounting reporting system to discourage the type of behavior the manager is contemplating?Hatfield Medical Supplys stock price had been lagging its industry averages, so its board of directors brought in a new CEO, Jaiden Lee. Lee had brought in Ashley Novak, a finance MBA who had been working for a consulting company, to replace the old CFO, and Lee asked Novak to develop the financial planning section of the strategic plan. In her previous job, Novaks primary task had been to help clients develop financial forecasts, and that was one reason Lee hired her. Novak began by comparing Hatfields financial ratios to the industry averages. If any ratio was substandard, she discussed it with the responsible manager to see what could be done to improve the situation. The following data show Hatfields latest financial statements plus some ratios and other data that Novak plans to use in her analysis. Hatfield Medical Supply (Millions of Dollars, Except per Share Data) Selected Additional Data for 2019 Using Hatfields data and its industry averages, how well run would you say Hatfield appears to be in comparison with other firms in its industry? What are its primary strengths and weaknesses? Be specific in your answer and point to various ratios that support your position. Also, use the DuPont equation (see Chapter 3) as one part of your analysis.
- Hatfield Medical Supplys stock price had been lagging its industry averages, so its board of directors brought in a new CEO, Jaiden Lee. Lee had brought in Ashley Novak, a finance MBA who had been working for a consulting company, to replace the old CFO, and Lee asked Novak to develop the financial planning section of the strategic plan. In her previous job, Novaks primary task had been to help clients develop financial forecasts, and that was one reason Lee hired her. Novak began by comparing Hatfields financial ratios to the industry averages. If any ratio was substandard, she discussed it with the responsible manager to see what could be done to improve the situation. The following data show Hatfields latest financial statements plus some ratios and other data that Novak plans to use in her analysis. Hatfield Medical Supply (Millions of Dollars, Except Per Share Data) Selected Additional Data for 2018 Using Hatfields data and its industry averages, how well run would you say Hatfield appears to be compared to other firms in its industry? What are its primary strengths and weaknesses? Be specific in your answer, and point to various ratios that support your position. Also, use the DuPont equation (see Chapter 7) as one part of your analysis.David Lyons, CEO of Lyons Solar Technologies, is concerned about his firms level of debt financing. The company uses short-term debt to finance its temporary working capital needs, but it does not use any permanent (long-term) debt. Other solar technology companies have debt, and Mr. Lyons wonders why they use debt and what its effects are on stock prices. To gain some insights into the matter, he poses the following questions to you, his recently hired assistant: d. Suppose that Firms U and L have the same input values as in Part c except for debt of 980,000. Also, both firms have total net operating capital of 2,000,000 and both firms are expected to grow at a constant rate of 7%. (Assume that the EBIT in part c is expected at t = 1.) Use the compressed adjusted present value (APV) model to estimate the value of U and L. Also estimate the levered cost of equity and the weighted average cost of capital.Imagine you are the manager of operations for a manufacturing company. Your vice president wants to expand production by building a new facility, and she would like you to develop a business case for the project. Assume that your company’s weighted average cost of capital is 13%, the after-tax cost of debt is 7%, preferred stock is 10.5%, and common equity is 15%. As you work on the business case, you surmise that this is a fairly risky project because of a recent slowing in product sales. In fact, when using the 13% weighted average cost of capital, you discover that the project is estimated to return about 10%, which is quite a bit less than the company’s weighted average cost of capital. Your vice president suggests that the project could be financed from a mix of retained earnings (50%) and bonds (50%). She reasons that retained earnings do not cost the company anything because it is cash you already have and the after-tax cost of debt is only 7%. That would lower your weighted…
- Imagine you are the manager of operations for a manufacturing company. Your vice president wants to expand production by building a new facility, and she would like you to develop a business case for the project. Assume that your company’s weighted average cost of capital is 13%, the after-tax cost of debt is 7%, preferred stock is 10.5%, and common equity is 15%. As you work on the business case, you surmise that this is a fairly risky project because of a recent slowing in product sales. In fact, when using the 13% weighted average cost of capital, you discover that the project is estimated to return about 10%, which is quite a bit less than the company’s weighted average cost of capital. Your vice president suggests that the project could be financed from a mix of retained earnings (50%) and bonds (50%). She reasons that retained earnings do not cost the company anything because it is cash you already have and the after-tax cost of debt is only 7%. That would lower your weighted…At the last board meeting of company X, a producer of IT equipment, management raised the issue of scaling up current production to meet increased demand. The management team gave a presentation of the project, which is thought to have an internal rate of return of 9%. The yield to maturity on the company’s bonds is 5%, but the company’s implied cost of equity is 15% and the company has a debt to equity ratio equal to one. Some directors strongly argued that the company should consider borrowing to finance the expansion. Others thought that, given the company’s cost of capital, the expansion project was not worth pursuing. Who do you think is right? In no more than 200 words, give reasons for your answer starting with the case of perfect capital markets and then referencing other potentially relevant corporate finance theories and the financial frictions they rely on (e.g. taxes, bankruptcy costs, etc.).A recently hired chief executive officer wants to reduce future production costs to improve the company’s earnings, thereby increasing the value of the company’s stock. The plan is to invest $84,000 now and $62,000 in each of the next 4 years to improve productivity. By how much must annual costs decrease in years 5 through 13 to recover the investment plus a return of 11% per year?
- John is CFO at a venture-backed tech start-up with revenues of $20 million and approximately 80 employees. He has worked at the company for several years, and now reports to Ralph, the company's newly hired CEO.The company had been doing really well, but recently big customers have been placing fewer orders and Ralph is feeling pressure to show growth. This pressure is amplified because the company is venture-backed, and the investors expect results. While the company did well in the first round of funding, if they don't perform now, they may have trouble with gaining sufficient funding in the second round, which could mean the end of the company.All of this was on John's mind when Ralph came to him about recording a major order that was still under negotiation. The deal had not gone through, although both parties expected to complete the deal in the next week. With the current quarter ending in the next few days, including this order would give a significant boost to the company's…The CEO of Grace Company, Nicole Grace is debating an investment. The investment is projected to earn $20,000 annually and will require the company to acquire $100,000 in assets. The following chart summarizes Grace’s decision: Before Investment After Investment Operating income 75,000 95,000 Average operating assets 300,000 400,000 Required: Assume Grace is evaluated based on growth in the company’s ROI. Compute the Return on Investment for the company before and after the investment. Would you recommend Grace make the investment? Assume Grace is evaluated based on growth in the company’s residual income. The company’s required rate of return is 15%. Compute the company’s residual income before and after the investment. Would you recommend Grace make the investment?The CEO of Grace Company, Nicole Grace is debating an investment. The investment is projected to earn $20,000 annually and will require the company to acquire $100,000 in assets. The following chart summarizes Grace’s decision: Before Investment After Investment Operating income 75,000 95,000 Average operating assets 300,000 400,000 Required: Assume Grace is evaluated based on growth in the company’s ROI. Compute the Return on Investment for the company before and after the investment. Would you recommend Grace make the investment? Assume Grace is evaluated based on growth in the company’s residual income. The company’s required rate of return is 15%. Compute the company’s residual income before and after the investment. Would you recommend Grace make the investment? Give at least one advantage and one disadvantage of using measures like ROI and residual income to evaluate company performance.