The controller of Sunland Production has collected the following monthly expense data for analyzing the cost behavior of electricity costs. Total Electricity Costs Total Machine Hours January $2,490 250 February 3,000 320 March 3,530 460 April 4,740 695 May 3,160 450 June 4,900 790 July 4,130 625 August 3,890 590 September 5,170 680 October 4,220 610 November 3,290 320 December 6,410 810 Determine the fixed- and variable-cost components using the high-low method. Fixed-costs $ Variable-costs $ What electricity cost does the cost equation estimate for a level of activity of 460 machine hours? Electricity costs $ By what amount does this differ from March’s observed cost for 460 machine hours? Amount differ $ What electricity cost does the cost equation estimate for a level of activity of 790 machine hours? Electricity costs $ By what amount does this differ from June’s observed cost for 790 machine hours? Amount differ $
Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis
Cost Volume Profit (CVP) analysis is a cost accounting method that analyses the effect of fluctuating cost and volume on the operating profit. Also known as break-even analysis, CVP determines the break-even point for varying volumes of sales and cost structures. This information helps the managers make economic decisions on a short-term basis. CVP analysis is based on many assumptions. Sales price, variable costs, and fixed costs per unit are assumed to be constant. The analysis also assumes that all units produced are sold and costs get impacted due to changes in activities. All costs incurred by the company like administrative, manufacturing, and selling costs are identified as either fixed or variable.
Marginal Costing
Marginal cost is defined as the change in the total cost which takes place when one additional unit of a product is manufactured. The marginal cost is influenced only by the variations which generally occur in the variable costs because the fixed costs remain the same irrespective of the output produced. The concept of marginal cost is used for product pricing when the customers want the lowest possible price for a certain number of orders. There is no accounting entry for marginal cost and it is only used by the management for taking effective decisions.
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