The diagram depicts Marco's choice of consumptions in periods 1 and 2. He has $100 worth of grain in period 1 and no income in period 2. Marco decides to invest the entire amount of grain, which gives a return of 50%, and borrow against this future income at a 10% interest rate in order to consume $80 in period 1 (point A). Which of the following statements regarding his balance sheet is correct? Consumption later, $ 1504 62 0 FF (invest grain; 50% return) FF (invest grain; 50% return; borrow at 10%) 80 100 Consumption now, $ 136
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- APPLIED ECONOMICS Topic: Intertemporal Choice Levinn’s utility function is expressed as the following: U= C1 C2 0.3 where C1 is his first periodconsumption and C2 is his second period consumption. His income in the first period is$2500 and interest rate is at 10%. If at equilibrium, Levinn is neither a borrower nor a lender,then what is his expected income in the second period? Show the graph if possibleAPPLIED ECONOMICS Topic: Intertemporal Choice Levinn’s utility function is expressed as the following: U= C1 C2 0.3 where C1 is his first periodconsumption and C2 is his second period consumption. His income in the first period is$2500 and interest rate is at 10%. If at equilibrium, Levinn is neither a borrower nor a lender,then what is his expected income in the second period? Do not copy from othersA college professor is planning for his retirement years. His utility function is ?(?t , ?r ) = 3c t 0.5+2cr0.5 where ct represents his consumption today (period 1), his active years of teaching, and cr represents his consumption in his retirement years (period 2). During his active years of teaching, he makes a total of ₺3 million, while in his retirement years his total income is ₺1 million. He can borrow or lend at an interest rate of 25% between the two periods. Write an equation that describes the professor’s budget assuming he will spend all his income during his lifetime. If the professor chooses neither to borrow nor to lend during his active years, what will be his marginal rate of substitution between his consumption today and his retirement years? If the professor aims at maximizing his utility, how much does he consume in each period (use the Lagrangian method)? Does he save for his retirement years? If so, how much? At what interest rate would the professor…
- 14. To use the Net Present Value (NPV) method of capital budgeting, one could calculate the present value of all the future net cash flows of an investment discounted at its cost of capital, and then subtract which one of the following? OA. The salvage value OB. The present value of the salvage value OC. The initial cost of the investment OD. The initial cost of the investment less the present value of the salvage valueA consumer's income in the current period is y = 100 and income in the future period is y'= 120. He or she pays lump-sum taxes t=20 in the current period and t'= 10 in the future period. The real interest rate is 0.1, or 10%, per period. (a) Determine what the consumer's optimal current-period and future-period consump tions are, and what optimal saving is, and show this in a diagram with the consumer's budget constraint and indifference curves. Is the consumer a lender or a borrower? (b) Now suppose that instead of y = 100 the consumer has y = 140 Again, determine optimal consumption in the current and future periods and optimal saving, and show this in a dia gram. Is the consumer a lender or a borrower? (c) Explain the differences in your results be tween parts (a) and (b).A consumer's current income (y) is 200 and the future income ( t.') is 240. A current lump sum tax (t) of 10 is paid and the tax in the next period (t') is 15. The real interest rate is 20% for each period. Please assume that current and future consumption are complements. and the consumer always prefers to have one unit of current consumption and two units of consumption in the future.Calculate the consumer's lifetime wealth.Calculate the optimal current and future consumption and the optimal current and future savings. Is the consumer a lender or a borrower? How does he she. as a lender or a borrower. affect the future consumption?
- The following set of equations describe an economy:C= 15,000 + 0.75(Y – T) – 45,000rIp= 10,000 – 22,500rG= 8,200NX= 1,800T= 8,500Y*= 82,100Find PAE equation and what should be the interest rate to eliminate the outputgap.assume elsa has current income of $50000 and expects income of $60000 next period. interest rate is 6% elsa desires to have the same amount of consumption expenditure during both periods. in the two period certainty framework, determine how much elsa's expenditures are during each period is elsa a saver or spenderScenario 1: Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs) allow workers to shelter a portion of their income from taxation. Suppose the maximum annual contribution to accounts of this type is $6,000 per person. Now suppose there is an increase in the maximum contribution, from $6,000 to $9,000 per year. Shift the appropriate curve on the graph to reflect this change. This change in the tax treatment of saving causes the equilibrium interest rate in the market for loanable funds tofall and the level of investment spending toincrease . Scenario 2: An investment tax credit effectively lowers the tax bill of any firm that purchases new capital within some relevant time period. Suppose the government implements a new investment tax credit. Shift the appropriate curve on the graph to reflect this change. The implementation of the new tax credit causes the interest rate tofall and the level of saving tofall . Scenario 3: Initially, the government's budget is balanced; then…
- Suppose that Tyler wants to buy a house and is thinking of using $20,000 that sits in a retirement account for a down payment on this new home. Using the $20,000 as a down payment will reduce Tyler's income when he retires in 30 years. If Tyler can earn an 8%8% annual return on his money if he leaves it in the retirement account, how much will his consumption in retirement be reduced if he uses this money for a down payment now?explain using a two period indifference curve how an individual would respond to an increase in interest rate by increasing or decreasing saving, explain using graphsSuppose a consumer has $1500 in the current time period and $1100 in the future time period.Suppose also that the consumer can borrow and lend freely and, unless otherwise specified, borrowing and lending interest rates are the same. (a) If the interest rate between time periods is 50%, what is the budget constraint between consumption in the present and consumption in the future? (B) If the interest rate at which the consumer can borrow is 75% but the rate at which she can lend is25%, what is the budget constraint? (C) Suppose the interest rate is 50%. If the consumer has to pay a fee of 10% of the loan amount in order to borrow money, what is the budget constraint?