The Drosophila gene Dscam1 encodes proteins on thesurface of nerve cells (neurons) that govern neuronalconnections. Each neuron has on its surface a singleDscam1 protein of the tens of thousands that exist.The particular Dscam1 protein a neuron expresses isthought to tag the cell uniquely to determine the pathsof the axons and dendrites it will grow. Eukaryoticgenes are monocistronic. How then can a singleDscam1 gene encode tens of thousands of differentproteins?

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Mitochondrial Mutations

A mitochondrion is a cellular organelle that serves as the site for cellular respiration and energy production (ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate). It is a double-membrane-bound organelle and is only present in eukaryotic cells.