The Earth is constantly being bombarded by cosmic rays, which consist mostly of protons. Assume that these protons are incident on the Earth’s atmosphere from all directions at a rate of 1342. protons per square meter per second. Assuming that the depth of Earth’s atmosphere is 106.0 km, what is the total charge incident on the atmosphere in 180.0 s? Assume that the radius of the surface of the Earth is 6378. km.

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