The epidemiological or disease triangle is a model of disease causation that proposes three factors contribute to an outbreak – an agent that causes the disease, a susceptible host, and an environment that brings the host and agent together. Some general changes within these three factors that may cause an infectious disease to emerge include:     A. changes in populations or behavior of reservoir hosts or intermediate hosts   B. microbial genetic mutation and viral genetic recombination or assortment    C. environmental factors such as an increase in precipitation   D. all of the above    E. none of the above

Q: In 1971, Alfred Knudson noticed that children like Kay, who have retinoblastoma in both eyes…

A: Carl O. Nordling first suggested Knudson's two hit theory in 1953. It is a hypothetical idea that…

Q: EXPLAIN FULLY THE NEED TO HAVE A CONCRETE HEALTH/EMERGENCY PLAN BY THE GOVERNMENT IN THE…

A: WHO considered Covid 19 as a pandemic, all the countries of the world is affected by this disease so…

Q: Only approximately 70% of norovirus outbreaks meet the Kaplan criteria, and therefore it is often…

A: The Kaplan criteria are a set of criteria based on clinical symptoms and epidemiology to see whether…

Q: List seven observations that suggest a disease may have a genetic component.

A: The diagnosis of a genetic disorder is  essential for an extensive clinical examination and made up…

Q: You compared epidemiological data from two different outbreaks. You found that the outbreak caused…

A: Viruses are very small particles that cannot be seen by the naked eyes but they have a very high…

Q: In terms of microbial pathogenicity, molecular Koch's postulates are a set of experimental criteria…

A: Koch's postulates are four criteria that were designed to establish the causal relationship between…

Q: Which of the following statements concerning viruses and human health is false? a-in many diseases…

A: A virus is a little collection of genetic material that can be either DNA or RNA and is protected by…

Q: Which of the following most directly causes the symptoms experienced by a person who is infected…

A: The virus enters your body and infects healthy cells. The invader spreads throughout your body by…

Q: Does an insect disease vector like a mosquito have to intake blood to transmit a pathogen to a host?

A: Yes, mosquito have to intake blood to transmit a pathogen to a host because when a mosquito intake…

Q: Please define what a biological vector is and a mechanical vector. Please give an example of each…

A: A vector is an agent that transfers the infection from one organism to another.

Q: Why are encapsolated bacteria generally more pathogenic than un-capsolated strains. a. Because…

A: The capsule is a layer of polysaccharide found outside the cell envelope of bacteria.  Capsule gives…

Q: a. During which stages of an infectious disease does the host exhibit signs and symptoms? Is there a…

A: Hi! As you have posted multiple questions, I will be answering the first question for you. If you…

Q: In relationship to infectious diseases, Identify errors as either systematic or random. Give…

A: All epidemiological investigations are generally attempting to build up the presence or…

Q: If a person contracted MRSA and no antibiotics are working on them, how would you go about finding a…

A: MRSA is an abbreviation for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. It's a strain of staph…

Q: Describe the way the Germ Theory of Disease would predict how a suspected causative agent would act…

A: Germ theory  is a theory that proposed that certain diseases are caused by the invasion of the body…

Q: Why might you expect an influenza epidemic to be more severe following an antigenic shift in the…

A: Influenza viruses are constantly changing and mutating. These changes are categorized as…

Q: In the crusade to create a vaccine for Poliomyelitis, Jonas Salk and Albert Sabin created two…

A: Solvents is the substance in which solute is dissolved thus forming a solution. Usually a solvent is…

Q: The following graph shows the trends in bacteria and viruses after they infect an organism.   Part…

A: Introduction Bacteria are minute, single-celled organisms that can be found in large numbers in all…

Q: The spread of covid 19 worldwide is associated with numerous myths a.identify some of those myths…

A: Viruses are organisms thought to occur at the borderline between the living and the non-living.…

Q: Eradication of smallpox was possible and accomplished in 1977 because?

A: Smallpox causative organism:  Variola major and Variola minor.  It is a DNA virus. The virus enters…

Q: Differentiate the following Epidemic Patterns a. Common-Source b. Propagated c. Mixed

A: Epidemiology: This is the branch of medical science. This branch deals with the study of health and…

Q: Enlist four classes of grafts and also explain the host versus grafts versus host disease…

A: The human body has about 37 trillion cells in total, although a significant portion of them are…

Q: Give two to three reasons why diagnostic tests like RT-qPCR are typically only performed during an…

A: RT-qPCR based tests are the gold standard to detect norovirus in outbreaks. They detect the RNA…

Q: What is a disease progress curve? Draw an example disease progress curve for a monocyclic disease…

A: Introduction:-  Disease program curve is graphical representation of the trends and progression of…

Q: Is there a correlation between the speed of a viral infection and its potential mortality rate?…

A: The abnormal conditions that hinder normal body functioning are referred to as a disease. The…

Q: You are an analyst in the Florida Department of Health and you are tasked with using the SEIR model…

A: A model called SEIR is used to show how the virus spreads and how many people become infected and…

Q: The epidemiological or disease triangle is a model of disease causation that proposes three factors…

A: Disease biology is a vast area that deals with the emergence and spread of an infectious disease.…

Q: What is the continuous challenge that the influenza virus presents toscientists and public health…

A: Influenza refers to an acute respiratory illness that spreads from zoonotic reservoirs among aquatic…

Q: female nurses in their forties who don't drink with

A: Vaccine:  It is substance which triggers the bodies immune system against a particular disease.

Q: Explain how the question “how do we keep new diseases from emerging?” Connects to this question…

A: A disease is a specific unusual condition that adversely influences the design or capacity of all or…

Q: A patient presents at the clinic with an acute viral infection. Assays that analyze the viral life…

A: A virus infection can be a proliferation of a harmful virus inside the body. Viruses cannot…

Q: An inter-strand grouping of students is working on a study about the Copper-infused materials…

A: Several heavy metals have the potential to inhibit the growth of the microbes, virus or the bacteria…

Q: A disease having a slow and long duration is referred to as    A. sporadic    B. chronic    C.…

A: Disease is defined as any change in the normal state of the body that it results into discomfort or…

Q: What characteristics of polio virus and infection make it possible that this disease will likely be…

A: Polio eradication is a global public health cause. The polio virus causes acute and short term…

Q: The organism that causes bubonic plague can only be transmitted by the bite of an infected flea, the…

A: Bubonic plague is a contamination infection spread, for the most part, to people by tainted insects…

Q: How might we, as epidemiologists, increase the validity of genetic studies? What recommendations do…

A: Epidemiology is considered a branch of medical science that deals with the identification and…

Q: Which combination of factors would most likely result in the spread of an infection through the…

A: The question can be explained based on the following fact. Beta ratio, i.e. infection rate should be…

Q: A mutation in the spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has been detected in a strain that is…

A: Introduction- The current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused due to…

Q: Topic is SARS-CoV-2 Describe how mutations or genetic variation contributed to either: the…

A: Hello. Since your question has multiple parts, we will solve the first question for you. If you want…

Q: a "persistent infection" is best described as: A) chronic infection in which viral genes are not…

A: Virus is define as a small submicroscopic infectious organisms containing the nucleic acid DNA or…

Q: 1. a.Upon looking at these pictures, what are your thoughts regarding this pandemic that we are…

A: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious respiratory disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

Q: Which of the following statements concerning antigenic drift in influenza viruses is correct? A-It…

A: Antigenic drift can be defined as small mutations in the genes of the influenza viruses that can…

Q: Explain why the COVID-19 virus has been described as being sporadic, then epidemic and now pandemic.…

A: Introduction: Infectious diseases are constantly prevalent in society and are transmitted by either…

Q: Select all of the following that apply to the tradeoff between transmission and virulence that…

A: A trade-off is a situational decision that involves diminishing or losing one quality, quantity or…

Q: To infect their specific host cells, viruses go through these chronological steps EXCEPT a.…

A: For infecting host cells, virus uses host cell process to replicate. During the replication of virus…

Q: Which of the following statement is true? A. Scientists believe the world is due for an epidemic of…

A: AN EPIDEMIC may be a disease that affects an outsized number of individuals within a community,…

Q: two directly trasmitted viral diseases have the same basic reproduction number (R0 - R not) even…

A: These are extremely widespread infections caused by viruses,  a type of microorganism.

Q: Which of the following is true about neglected tropical diseases? Group of answer choices Though…

A: * Neglected Trophical disesase commonly seen  in countries like Africa and Asia and Latin America…

Q: Which of the following statements about the development of infectious diseases is correct? The…

A: INTRODUCTION Infectious disease Infectious diseases are caused by bacteria, virus, fungi or…

Health Epidemiology

Health is an essential factor for all human beings. For all humans, health is a critical factor. An individual's ability to meet life's challenges and retain his or her capacity for optimal functioning is reflected in his or her condition of health. This needs the physical, mental, and biological parts of one's constitution to maintain a degree of functioning that has a favorable influence and support for one another.