The First Theorem of Welfare Economics (that a competitive equilibrium is Pareto efficient) may not hold for economies with production if Choose one or more: 1)there are decreasing returns to scale. 2)there are increasing returns to scale. 3)there are consumption externalities. 4)all firms act as competitive profit maximizers. 5)there are production externalities.
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- If it is not possible to increase the output of one good without decreasing the output of the other, when there are only two goods, thenthis situation would describe a point on a production possibilities frontier for the producer.the outcome can be described as efficient.there is no unemployment of resources.All of these outcomes are correct.What does the Pareto efficiency criterion state? A. An allocation of resources is efficient if it maximizes government revenue B. An allocation of resources is efficient if it maximizes producer surplus C. An allocation of resources is efficient if it is impossible to make someone better off without making someone else worse off D. An allocation of resources is efficient if it allocates resources equally among all individualsKindly help on these two question... The result that every competitive equilibrium is pareto efficient. a) the second fundamental theorem of welfare economics. b) Edgeworth's condition c) The first fundamental theorem of welfare economics d) Waras's law 2) Assume that there are two consumers ( A and B) in an economy that have preferences that can can be represented as cobb-douglas utility functions. Also assume that there are two firms that have concave production possibility frontiers over goods x and y . Which of the following conditions must be true for an allocation to be distributivity efficient? Select all that apply. a) all goods in the economy are consumed. b) producers must be operating on their production possibilities frontier. c) all consumers must have marginal rates of substitution that are equal. d) all producers must have marginal rates of transformation that are equal . e) consumers must value goods at the margin at the same rate it costs society to produce them
- Why is the production possibility frontier concave? Be sure to explain economic intuition behind that fact.What is relationships between general competitive equilibrium, pareto efficiency and equity in an economy ?Two individuals, Fred and Helen, are in an economy with no production, and each have the utility function U = 10XY. Prices of both X and Y are set at $1. Initial endowments for Fred are 10 units of X and 6 units of Y. Helen has 8 units of X and 12 units of Y. Find the general equilibrium prices and allocation, then show that the G.E. allocation is Pareto efficient.
- Outline and explain the conditions required to achieve economic efficiency in exchange, in production and in output markets. Explain why they represent Pareto-optimal allocation of resources.The concept of production possibility frontier explains that a. any point within the curve is a combination of labor and capital input that fall short of putting all inputs to good use b. that capital is more that labor inputs c. any point within the curve is a combination of labor and capital input that is utilized d. that labor is more that capital inputs The concept of production possibility frontier explains that a. labor and capital combination is not enough to produce an output that have very minimal wastage b. level of output is optimal c. labor and capital combination is not enough to produce an output d. level of inputs is optimal more than zero but less than one in the concept of Income Elasticity means a. luxury goods b. substitute goods c. inferior good d. necessity goodsMicroeconomics 2 - Factor Market - Pareto Optimum Consider an economy in which only 2 factors are capital (K) and labor (L) whose total supply is 100 labor and 100 capital. They are used by only firm that produces only 2 final goods X and Y. The technology describing the production process of each of goods is described by the following production functions: X = 5 Lx + 3 Kx and Y = 1/3 Ly Ky It’s known that the factors have been allocated in such a way that the initial endowment is: Kx = 75; Lx = 85; Ky = 25 and Ly = 15. With these data we ask: Obtain the contract curve corresponding to the production of this economy. Does the starting point constitute a PARETO OPTIMUM? Represent the available information in an Edgeworth Box. Obtain the production possibilities frontier (PFC) curve. Locate the initial endowment THANKS :D
- Two alternative programs to save 50 more lives per year entail providing more cardiac intensive care facilities and redesigning dangerous highway interchanges. The price of a new cardiac intensive care unit is $500,000, and the price of redesigning and renovating a highway interchange is $1 million. One combination of the two programs that can save 500 lives is five cardiac units and three highway exit renovations. a.) Is the mix involving five cardiac units and three highway exit renovations cost-effective? b.) Assuming that the marginal products of both programs decline, what needs to be done to achieve the cost-effective mix of programs?Consider an economy with 3 agents, Mohammed (M), David (D) and Susan (S). There are two goods available, good x, and good y. The marginal rates of substitution (where good x is on the horizontal axis and good y is on the vertical axis) are given by for Mohammed, for David and for Suzan. Mohammed and David are both consuming twice as much of the good x than good y, while Susan is consuming equal amounts of x and y. (image of functions and equations attached) A. What are the conditions for Pareto efficiency in an exchange economy? Are these consumption levels economically efficient? B. Can these consumption allocations be observed in a perfectly competitive equilibrium in an exchange economy without production? Explain.“How to allocate limited resources in an efficient way (as emphasized in an introductory economics course)?” Explain how the topics covered in this course can help address this issue. [Hint: One useful starting point is the role of NPV (decision rule) in addressing the resource allocation issue.]