The fixed costs by manufacturer are P800,000 per year. If ABC COMPANY in a team units sells for P 3001 and its variable cost is P2075, ( a ) how many units must be sold each year for breakeven and ( b ) what will the profit be for sales of 4000 units per year?
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The fixed costs by manufacturer are P800,000 per year. If ABC COMPANY in a team units sells for P 3001 and its variable cost is P2075, ( a ) how many units must be sold each year for breakeven and ( b ) what will the profit be for sales of 4000 units per year?
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- A remotely located air sampling station can be powered by solar cells or by running an above ground electric line to the site and using conventional power. Solar cells will cost $16,600 to install and will have a useful life of 5 years with no salvage value. Annual costs for inspection, cleaning, etc., are expected to be $2400. A new power line will cost $31,000 to install, with power costs expected to be $1000 per year. Since the air sampling project will end in 5 years, the salvage value of the line is considered to be zero. At an interest rate of 10% per year, (b) what must be the first cost of the above ground line to make the two alternatives equally attractive economically?machine part to be machined may be made either from an alloy of aluminum or steel. There is an order for 8,000 units. Steel costs P3.80 per kg, while aluminum costs 8.70 per kg. If steel is used, the steel per unit weighs 110 grams; for aluminum, 30 grams. When steel is used, 50 units can be produced per hour; for aluminum, 80 units per hour with the aid of a tool costing P640, which will be useless after the 8,000 units are finished. The cost of the machine and operator is P10.80 per hour. If all other costs are identical, determine which material will be more economical.One of two methods must be used to produce expansion anchors. Method A costs $80,000 initially and will have a $15,000 salvage value after 3 years. The operating cost with this method will be $30,000 per year. Method B will have a first cost of 120,000, an operating cost of $8000 per year, and a $40,000 salvage value after its 3-year life. At an interest rate of 12% per year, which method should be used on the basis of a present worth analysis? Also, write the two spreadsheet functions to perform the PW analysis. Be sure to include the cashflow diagram.
- An engineer is trying to decide which process to use to reduce sludge volume prior to disposal. Belt filter presses (BFP) will cost $203,000 to buy and $85,000 per year to operate. Belts will be replaced one time per year at a cost of $5500. Centrifuges (Cent) will cost $396,000 to buy and $119,000 per year to operate, but because the centrifuge will produce a thicker “cake”, the sludge hauling cost to the monofill will be $37,000 per year less than for the belt presses. The useful lives are 5 and 10 years for alternatives BFP and Cent, respectively, and the salvage values are assumed to be 10% of the first cost of each process whenever they are closed down or replaced. Use PW evaluation to select the more economical process at an interest rate of 6% per year over (a) the LCM of lives, and (b) a study period of 8 years. Are the decisions the same?A jalapeno canning company is faced with a make/ buy decision. Cardboard shipping cartons can be purchased for $0.60 each or made in-house. If manufactured, two machines will be required. Machine X will cost $20,000 and have a life of 6 years with a $2000 salvage value. Machine Y will cost $11,000 and have a life of 4 years with no salvage value. The annual maintenance cost for machines X and Y are $6000 and $5000 per year, respectively. A total of four operators will be required for the two machines at a rate of $22.50 per hour per person. In a normal 8-hour day, the four operators and two machines can produce 1000 cartons. The variable cost per carton associated with the in-house option is closest to: (a) $0.0625 (b) $0.10 (c) $0.72 (d) $0.81An item with a holding cost of $400 per year can be shipped by air in 1 day, costing $250, or by ground in 5 days, costing $150. Assuming the holding costs of $400 per year are based on an operational year of 365 days, which is cheaper and by how much?
- A remotely located air sampling station can be powered by solar cells or by running an electric line to the site and using conventional power. Solar cells will cost $12,600 to install and will have a useful life of 4 years with no salvage value. Annual costs for inspection, cleaning, etc. are expected to be $1400. A new power line will cost $11,000 to install, with power costs expected to be $800 per year. Since the air sampling project will end in 4 years, the salvage value of the line is considered to be zero. At an interest rate of 10% per year, which alternative should be selected on the basis of a future worth analysis?Two methods can be used to produce solar panels for electric power generation. Method 1 will have an initial cost of $800,000, an AOC of $150,000 per year, and $125,000 salvage value after its 3-year life. Method 2 will cost $910,000 with an AOC of $125,000 and a $230,000 salvage value after its 5-year life. Assume your boss asked you to determine which method is better, but she wants the analysis done over a three-year planning period. You estimate the salvage value of Method 2 will be 40% higher after three years than it is after five years. If the MARR is 14% per year, which method should the company select? Which method should the company select?A new mechanical engineer produces a certain design at a labor cost of P16.2 per piece, material cost of P38.5 per piece and variable cost of P7.4 per piece. The fixed charges on the business is P100,000 per month. If he sells a finish product at P95 each, how many pieces must be manufactured in each month to breakeven?
- An engineering consulting firm measures its output in a standard service hour unit, which is a function of the personnel grade levels in the professional staff. The variable cost (cv) is $62 per standard service hour. The charge-out rate [i.e., selling price (p)] is $85.56 per hour. The maximum output of the firm is 160,000 hours per year, and its fixed cost (CF ) is $2,024,000 per year. For this firm, (a) what is the breakeven point in standard service hours and in percentage of total capacity? (b) what is the percentage reduction in the breakeven point (sensitivity) if fixed costs are reduced 10%; if variable cost per hour is reduced 10%; and if the selling price per unit is increased by 10%?Two methods can be used for producing solar panels for electric power generation. Method 1 will have an initial cost of $550,000, an AOC of $160,000 per year, and $125,000 salvage value after its 3-year life. Method 2 will cost $830,000 with an AOC of $120,000, and a $240,000 salvage value after its 5-year life. Assume your boss asked you to determine which method is better, but she wants the analysis done over a 3-year planning period. You estimate the salvage value of method 2 will be 35% higher after 3 years than it is after 5 years. If the MARR is 10% per year, which method should the company selectA chemical engineer is considering two sizes of pipes for moving distillate from a refinery to the tank farm. A small pipeline will cost less to purchase (including valves and other appurtenances), but will have a high head loss and, therefore, a higher pumping cost. The small pipeline will cost $1.7 million installed and have an operating cost of $12,000 per month. A larger-diameter pipeline will cost $2.1 million installed, but its operating cost will be only $8000 per month. Which pipe size is more economical at an interest rate of 1% per month on the basis of an annual worth analysis? Assume the salvage value is 10% of the first cost for each pipeline at the end of the 10-year project.