The four key attributes of community structure are total number of species top-down and bottom-up effects trophic cascades the sum of interactions among all species physical attributes of a community, including biotic and abiotic factors primary producers species relative abundance
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- Which of the following is based on the interactions of species with their abiotic environment?a. genetic diversityb. landscape diversityc. ecosystem diversityd. biocultural diversitye. None of these are correct.Your college campus, including all the humans and other living things that occupy it as well as its physical environment, such as the buildings, soil, water, and air, is a(n):a. populationb. communityc. ecosystemd. biosphereChoose TWO (2) different types of ecosystem, in your surrounding area. The area can be in your yard or in your neighbourhood, which is easily accessible to you. a) the two types of ecosystems that can be identified during the observation b) abiotic and biotic factors in each ecosystem (FOUR examples ofinteractions).
- Simpson's index is the basic measure of ___, and is used my ecologists to quantify an ecosystem's health.Ecosystems include which of the following components that communities do not?a. energy transfer between membersb. interaction with the physical environmentc. intricate food websd. herbivores and carnivoresWhich of the following defines the role of a species in a community,including its habitat and interaction with other species?a. ecological nicheb. competitive exclusionc. competition leveld. mimicrye. None of these are correctb
- If the ecological footprint per person of a country or theworld is larger than its biological capacity per person toreplenish its renewable resources and absorb the resulting waste products and pollution, the country or theworld is said to have an ecological deficit. If the reverse istrue, the country or the world has an ecological credit orreserve. See Figure 1.11 for a map of the world’s ecologicaldebtor and creditor countries. Use the data to the right tocalculate the ecological deficit or credit for the countrieslisted. (As an example, this value has been calculated andfilled in for the world.)1. Which three countries have the largest ecologicaldeficits? For each of these countries, why do youthink it has a deficit?2. Rank the countries with ecological credits in orderfrom highest to lowest credit. For each country, whydo you think it has an ecological credit?3. Rank all of the countries in order from the largest tothe smallest per capita ecological footprint.in the number of individuals of a given species in a biological community is low. We could expect that it's effect on the community will be minimal true or falseWhich of the following should not be considered when designing nature reserves?a. edge effects that may require an increase in sizeb. corridors to facilitate wildlife movement among habitat patchesc. primarily the needs of a single, important speciesd. inclusion of multiple ecosystem types
- A keystone species has a(n) ____________________ effect on an ecological community relative to its abundance.A community that has low % overlap most likely has a ___species turnover.a. lowb. highc. noWhich of the following is a cause of the loss of Biodiversity?A. Massive exploitation of species for their commercial valueB. Too much solid waste on the terrestrial landC. Forest and grasslands are protected by the legislationD. Pollution enhances the natural habitatsE. Decreasing appetite for food