The inner and outer surfaces of a cell membrane carry a negative and positive charge, respectively. Because of these charges, a potential difference of about 0.068 V exists across the membrane. The thickness of the membrane is 8.1 x 10-9 m. What is the magnitude of the electric field in the membrane?

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Dielectric Constant Of Water

Water constitutes about 70% of earth.  Some important distinguishing properties of water are high molar concentration, small dissociation constant and high dielectric constant.

Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

An electrostatic force is a force caused by stationary electric charges /fields. The electrostatic force is caused by the transfer of electrons in conducting materials. Coulomb’s law determines the amount of force between two stationary, charged particles. The electric force is the force which acts between two stationary charges. It is also called Coulomb force.