the mean value of the design load on a foundation element is 6000kn, and its standard deviation is 1200kN. The estimated mean value of the bearing capacity is 12000kN, and its standard deviation is 3000kN. If both the load and the resistance are Normally distributed, compute (a) the value of the reliability index beta and (b) the probability of failure.

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Load and resistance factor design

Load and resistance factors design (LRFD), also known as Limit state design (LSD), refers to the design method used in building engineering. A boundary condition is a condition of a structure where it can no longer meet the relevant design requirements. The condition may refer to the load level or other actions on the structure, while the terms refer to the integrity of the structure, suitability for use, durability, or other design requirements. A structure designed for LRFD is limited to keeping track of all possible actions during its design time and is always ready for use, with the appropriate level of reliability in each boundary condition. LRFD-based construction codes clearly define the appropriate levels of reliability in their instructions.